New standard: select servers based on databases

Databases are actually the foundation of every electronic trading, finance, and Enterprise Resource Planning system. With the continuous development of database technology in commercial applications, the scale of database applications has become larger and larger, it is embodied in two aspects: on the one hand, the number of data records has jumped to 100,000 or, which directly results in rapid expansion of the database volume,

Databases are actually the foundation of every electronic trading, finance, and Enterprise Resource Planning system. With the continuous development of database technology in commercial applications, the scale of database applications has become larger and larger, it is embodied in two aspects: on the one hand, the number of data records has jumped to 100,000 or, which directly results in rapid expansion of the database volume,

Databases are actually the foundation of every electronic trading, finance, and Enterprise Resource Planning system. With the continuous development of database technology in commercial applications, the scale of database applications has become larger and larger, specifically, it is reflected in two aspects: on the one hand, the number of data records has jumped to 100,000 or, which directly results in rapid expansion of the database volume, such as the one-person Forum, the number of daily posts is around 1000. If it is operated for one year, its data records will reach nearly 0.4 million, and the space occupied by the database will increase by hundreds of MB, the hardware system requires a high requirement for queries. In addition, as the operation time increases, the access volume of most database users increases, such as a WEB site, if the daily traffic is 5000 IP addresses, and each IP address clicks the dynamic page four times, and each dynamic page queries the database five times, the database will respond to 0.1 million queries every day.

Therefore, for applications that use databases as the primary support (such as ERP systems and Forum systems), after a certain scale, the requirements for server hardware equipment will be extremely demanding, once the server device cannot withstand the database pressure, the system and various services will be paralyzed, and the loss will be immeasurable.

So today we will discuss the relationship between database applications and servers.

Let's take a look at a very interesting table that tells you what type of database software the application chooses:

Business Application Type	Server performance description
Database Type
Large Databases (ERP, OLAP, data mart)	The server is only used to run databases or only a single application. The database capacity is above 10 ogb and requires high CPU processing capability. The large memory capacity serves the data cache and requires good IO performance. When using such applications, a high CPU clock speed is usually required.
Medium-sized Databases (ERP, OLTP, etc)	The server is only used to run databases or only a single application. The database capacity is less than GB and requires high CPU processing capability. The large memory capacity serves the data cache and requires good IO performance. When using such applications, generally, a high CPU clock speed is required.
Data Warehouse OLAP/Data mining	Large commercial data storage, cataloguing, indexing, and data analysis. For example, OLAP (online transaction processing), high-speed commercial computing, requires good IO performance.
Basic applications and web Services
E-commerce E Commerce	The function is the same as that of a typical application server. The performance depends on the number of commercial applications and users, and may require a certain amount of secure data transmission and storage, or as a host for storing data. A certain amount of CPU and memory processing capabilities are required. Generally, servers with four Pentium Ill Xeon processors and large-capacity data storage can basically meet the requirements. (Thousands of requests per second ).
File and print server	It is only used to transmit data from one place to another, and has low requirements on CPU processing capability.
Common server domain/Proxy/firewall server	To enable the Domain Server and firewall server to respond quickly, they need to have a high CPU processing capability, the proxy server requires a large amount of memory for storing and storing Web addresses as high-speed caches. the proxy server also needs a large storage capacity. We recommend that you select a cabinet server to save space occupation.
Internet service applications Linux/Windows NT/Novell	When Internet service providers need to expand dedicated servers, such as email servers and browsing servers, the servers should be inexpensive, small, and high-performance. Generally, one or two CPUs can meet the requirements, the four-way processor Server is a waste. We recommend that you select a cabinet server to save space.
Communication Server Messaging/E-mail	Fast I/O is the key to such applications, and disk I/O (cataloguing and storage information) is the main bottleneck. Many users use RAID 5 arrays to ensure the availability of the stored information. However, to a certain extent, the IO performance is affected, generally, one or two CPUs can meet your needs. This type of server users do not have high requirements for real-time response, and the resources occupied by users generally do not exceed 10%. Therefore, the most important thing to consider is the backup of data information and how ~ The information can be restored to normal in 6 hours. We recommend that you select a cabinet server to save space.
Browser Server (dynamic)	Web pages stored on servers can be used to build network spaces, for example, Microsoft's technology ASP. Compared with static Web pages, such applications require higher CPU processing capabilities. We recommend that you select a cabinet server to save space. High-speed network communication capabilities are also essential.
Browser Server (static)	Static web pages are usually stored on servers with text and images. Usually the changes are not large. Using two CPUs and 100 Mb/s NICs can easily meet extremely high click rates. When a server uses a dual-processor, it can fully meet the requirements of thousands of clicks per second. The IGB memory is used as the cache for webpages. You can also use a four-way processor and add additional memory and network cards.
Application Server
Application Server (Client/server, ERP)	The Network System of any client/server, such as ERP, is the most typical commercial application. The client and server are at one end, while the database server is at the other end. They communicate through the network system. The system has good scalability and adjustment capabilities. you can install different applications on different servers or install multiple applications on each server. The ERP system requires two or more CPUs and MB or more memory. The specific quantity depends on the number of users.
Workflow Server Collaboration/Groopare	Similar to Lotus Notes, groupware, and calendaring. The CPU and memory processing capacity requirements for network servers are moderate. There is no need to invest a large amount of hardware resources.
Multiple application servers	Multiple applications and the databases they use run on the same server, and can act on behalf of multiple small servers. We recommend that you use multiple CPUs for better performance. Generally, a single high-speed CPU is better than a single low-speed CPU.
Small/dedicated server	Specific application systems, medical, retail, dealers, and other specific applications. A server with two CPUs can support hundreds of user terminals. Generally, a Tower server is the first choice.
Terminal Server/computing-based service	In a multi-user environment, all hardware and software resources can be shared to all users on the network through the terminal server, and applications run on the server, you can use all applications at the end of the user. Using multi-processor can effectively improve the system performance. Memory configuration is critical. Generally, 16 MB of memory is allocated to Windows NT, and 32 MB of memory is allocated to the terminal server. Each user needs 4-8 MB of memory. Software usage is closely related to hardware resources. Generally, servers with two processors and IGB memory can support about 50 users, A server with four processors and 4 GB memory can support 100 users, and a server with eight processors and 4 GB memory can support about 200 users.

Of course, the actual situation in China, the most widely used is undoubtedly the four types of Database: Oracle, ms SQL Server, My SQL and Access, next we will analyze the server requirements for these databases one by one.

Oracle

ORACLE is the most widely recognized database system in the industry. It is widely used in large businesses, colleges and universities, and scientific research fields:

ORACLE is a large-scale relational database based on advanced Structured Query Language (SQL). It is a set of regular data manipulation in a language that facilitates logical management. It is one of the most popular database architectures of CLIENT/SERVER. Since ORACLE7.X, the architecture of shared SQL and multi-clue servers has been introduced. This reduces the usage of ORACLE resources and enhances ORACLE capabilities so that fewer resources can be used on low-end software and hardware platforms to support more users, on a high-end platform, it supports hundreds of thousands of users. ORACLE Database provides ROLE-based security and confidentiality management, which is outstanding in terms of database management functions, integrity check, security, and consistency. ORACLE Database provides an interface software PRO * series with the third-generation advanced language. It can embed SQL statements and procedural (PL/SQL) Statements in subjects such as C and C ++, manipulate data in the database. In addition, it has many excellent front-end development tools, such as power build, SQL * FORMS, VISIA BASIC, and so on. It can quickly develop and generate applications based on the client PC platform, and has good portability. In addition, ORACLE database provides new distributed database capabilities, allowing you to easily read and write data in a remote database through the network, with the technology of symmetric replication.

The following is an analysis of the ORACLE database: according to the actual test experience, many programmers have confirmed that the ORACLE database has a very high running timeliness rate, we found that this is actually because it uses the system memory very cleverly and reasonably. Of course, it also uses a large amount of system memory, as to whether the purpose is to relieve the hard disk cache pressure or based on other factors, we will not discuss it in depth. We can make it clear that, ORACLE databases must have sufficient system memory for better performance, especially those applications with frequent database write operations (such as UPDATE and INSERT/ADDNEW, it is necessary to use large-capacity memory.

Therefore, if you are using an ORACLE database, you can increase the system memory capacity. Now, the Nocona and Opteron processors have exceeded the limitations of traditional 4 GB memory direct addressing, however, the design of the server board still imposes restrictions on the large-capacity memory system. You must pay attention to this problem. The outstanding performance in memory control is IBM and HP, these two companies have more and more powerful memory R & D Technologies, especially IBM, which can not only effectively achieve memory expansion, but also provide a variety of error correction and backup protection, it is very suitable for enterprise applications. In addition, the high requirements on the memory system of the database do not mean that it is okay to simply increase the memory capacity, and the overall performance improvement is the truth at all times. For some mid-and high-end applications, we recommend that you use eight or more servers, especially AMD's Opteron 8XX series, with extremely powerful performance, moreover, its unique HyperTransport technology can provide enough bus for multi-channel systems, and the memory controller is embedded on the core, making its front-end system more eye-catching than Intel's MP, if it is a Unix system, you can also use IBM's Power 5 system. The Power 5 processor is an IBM's own CPU with a reduced instruction set architecture. It uses a dual-core design and has very powerful performance. As for the disk system, it basically depends on what RAID controller is used and what RAID mode is used. For details about this, refer to our disk array technical article, I believe that I will find a satisfactory answer. I will not detail it here.

Ms SQL Server

This is Microsoft's commercial database system. It has multiple versions and the most powerful version is Enterprise Edition. It must be installed on Windows 2000 Advanced Server or Windows 2003 Server Enterprise Edition. MicroSoft's databases have always been accused of poor performance, so they don't go to the elegant hall. As a result, Bill has a high salary to many coders to develop this MicroSoft SQL Server. Currently, the commonly used version is ms SQL Server 2000, although the new version has been released. The performance of this database system is also remarkable, which has completely changed the situation that Microsoft does not have a high-performance large database. Thanks to the support of its own operating system and the strong support of Visual Studio development software, this database system is also widely used in China. It can be seen in various small and medium-sized businesses and colleges. Most of the applications are IIS + ASP /. WEB sites of medium or higher scale running in the NET mode use this database.

Ms SQL Server Requirements for Server equipment is not as high as ORACLE, but according to the feelings of the majority of programmers, to improve the performance of ms SQL Server in the processor and disk system is more effective. Given that the mainstream application environments of ms SQL Server are generally dual-channel XEON (which cannot be transplanted to Unix systems, and the performance is inferior to that of ORACLE, it is generally not used in high-end fields ), therefore, we recommend that you use dual-channel Xeon processors for these databases. In addition, the Opteron performance is excellent and can be considered as appropriate; you can decide whether to use RAID 0 or RAID 1 in the disk system. If you have a array card, you can set RAID 5, windows 2003 Server Enterprise Edition is indeed more efficient than Windows 2000 Advanced Server, and ms SQL Server users can consider using 2003 as the operating system.

My SQL

This is an open and free database. Although the functions are not very powerful and the performance can only be considered general, they are still very popular in various small and medium applications, after all, it is more advantageous than ACCESS designed for small office applications-not only free, but also better in performance and security than ACCESS. My SQL can be used in Windows, but its most typical combination is Linux + Apache + PHP/JSP + MySQL. There are many small websites in this combination. These websites have very low requirements on server configuration. Of course, due to database restrictions, MySQL is not suitable for commercial applications with large traffic volumes.

MYSQL is often used as a database platform in our tests. Generally, a forum database with 50 thousand registered users is used as a test object. The test results also show a problem, disk performance has a particularly significant impact on MYSQL database query efficiency, which is much higher than that of CPU, memory, and other accessories. A server with a general configuration only needs a high-performance disk system, the same can achieve good results; of course, if the database query contains many complex query comparison conditions, then the CPU clock speed is also very obvious. Here, we recommend that users of such databases use cost-effective SATA arrays and use the soft RAID provided by the motherboard. The performance is also satisfactory and the cost is very low. Of course, it is also valuable to properly increase the CPU clock speed.

Access

Access is a database system launched by Microsoft for Office users. It is included in the Office disc with its management software. Since it is a database system for office users, its performance is naturally relatively poor, but this "amateur" level of database does not need to be installed, and the use of management is very simple, as a result, it is well received by junior programmers, and almost all small ASP sites use this database. Of course, its performance is very limited and it is not suitable for environments with high security requirements and large data volumes.

The Access database has the characteristics of Microsoft software-ease of use, resource occupation, and low efficiency. Therefore, to improve the performance of this database, the hardware can only be upgraded comprehensively. to greatly improve the performance, we recommend that you upgrade the database system to ms SQL Server while upgrading the Server configuration. Access database and P4 server are out-of-the-box. Of course, if P4 server is used, the upgrade space will not be too large, so it is still dominated by economic and practical use.

Summary:

The database is actually very broad and profound. It is difficult to use a short article to clarify the intricate relationship between the database and the server. I just hope that the above superficial experiences and opinions will be given, it can provide some reference for beginners.