Debian 7.8 system installation and configuration process

Debian 7.8 system installation and configuration process

Recently, I installed the Debian Operating System (version 7.8 stable) on my computer. Debian I believe everyone can understand that it is the foundation of Ubuntu, and Ubuntu is developed based on Debian's unstable. When I install this system, the open-source graphics card driver in it can drive my AMD graphics card (Ubuntu before 14.04 cannot drive it, and the dedicated display must be disabled in bios ), so a heart disease is relieved.

I have four years of experience in Linux, but I am not sure about Linux. Because there are many versions of this system, I tried to install every major version: Ubuntu, Fedora, openSUSE, Manjaro, Chakra, Linuxmint, etc. These systems have some problems. OpenSUSE is faulty on my computer (not available by others). Manjaro gave up because of poor Chinese support, and Chakra cannot be started after installation. The new version of Fedora is too radical. It took a few days to get down (I had no experience at the time, so the veteran did not spray it, but now I will definitely not use it ). In April 2014, the previous netbook was eliminated. The new computer is Lenovo G490-IFI.

Although this computer is pre-installed with Linux, this Linux version is a waste. It is linpus lite, developed based on Fedora and incompatible with the Fedora software warehouse, it cannot be used in its own software repository. So I deleted the system and installed Ubuntu one night later. The computer's video card is amd radeon hd 8500 and the wireless network card is Broadcom 43142. Currently, the latest Open-Source graphics card driver supports this video card (not supported by Lmde 201403), but the wireless network card is the type of network card that people call.

So I wrote down the Debian Installation Process for reference. If you have better suggestions, please give me more advice!

First, declare: In the following description, some operations have multiple methods. I have basically written them, including graphical operations and command operations. For beginners, you can operate in a graphical manner without using commands. If you use commands, please be careful to avoid system problems. The "#" command before the command below represents the operation under the root permission. If you do not understand it, you can use graphical operations or learn how to use the root permission.

If you have no use experience, please read each paragraph carefully!

1. System Installation

I burn the system installed on the CD to protect my security and save trouble. When the disc is started, Install and other options are displayed. If you want to install other desktops, select Advanced Options below and select another desktop. People with obsessive-compulsive disorder in junior high school English should turn left and choose Windows.

The installation process is more complex than Ubuntu, openSUSE, and other systems. Therefore, you must carefully read the prompt text of each step during the installation process and proceed with caution. After the installation is complete, you must configure the system.

If you choose to allow the system to automatically help you partition, the system will also prompt you whether to separate/home partition. I personally strongly recommend that you partition/home separately. If the system needs to be reinstalled, you can read the previous configuration file, and the re-installed software does not need to be configured. Of course, if the system crashes due to a configuration file error, you need to re-generate the configuration file, then delete all the configuration files, personal files, for example, documents, music, videos, and images can be protected from damages.

2. System Configuration

You must refresh the software source before configuring the system. Otherwise, the software cannot be installed, and it is useless to worry about it. For details about how to refresh the software source, see 2.1.

After the system is installed, some copyrighted plug-ins have been installed. The system can play audio and video in mp3, mp4, and other formats without garbled characters. However, flash needs to be updated manually. For details, see 2.4.

2.1 software source

For Ubuntu users, I strongly do not recommend using image sources in China. It is best to use the primary source. According to my experience, the software packages of image sources in China (such as Huazhong University of Science and Technology open-source image sites) are incomplete. Some software packages do not exist, but the official main source does not. However, after my exploration, the Debian source does not have this problem, but when selecting a part of the source, either the Hash checksum does not match, or the prompt "the package is not verified" is prompted when installing the package ". After my exploration, the Debian source of the University of Science and Technology of China does not have this problem.

Modify the software source. We recommend that you directly modify sources. list in many posts on the Internet. I personally do not recommend this. For new users, this kind of sensitive operation is very prone to problems and requires command operations. This makes Linux difficult for new users who are used to windows. Both Ubuntu and Debian can be modified on the GUI. The method is: New Software Package Manager -- settings -- software library. Modify the source list according to the given source list.

A fast source is selected, which is important for software installation and update in the system. However, some people do not know why I need to insert a DVD disc to install the software, because the DVD is added to the source list as the local source by default. If you do not need it, you can deselect the "cdrom: //" source in "software library" settings. However, we recommend that you retain the software because the Debian DVD contains a lot of software. Among them, DVD 1 is the most common software. to configure basic desktops, you must capture the software package from DVD 1 for installation. If you want to use unstable or testing, remove the cdrom source and modify other sources to the corresponding version. For details, see the official wiki. I will not go into details here.

Refresh software source method: click "refresh" in the new software package manager, or run the following command:

# Apt-get update

Or

# Aptitide update

If you add a cdrom source, after you insert the disc, in the new software package manager, edit -- add CD-ROM, or run the following command:

# Apt-cdrom add

2.2 wireless NIC Driver

This is the most tricky and headache. During my first installation, I checked the information for one afternoon and tried various methods. I first referred to the official wiki, but the method provided in the wiki is invalid. I have Linux experience, so there is no error in my operations. After searching dozens of webpages, the installation was successful. The method is as follows:

2.2.1 execute the following command:

# Apt-get install linux-headers-$ (uname-r | sed's, [^-] *-[^-] *-, ') build-essential dkms broadcom-sta-modules

2.2.2 install the driver:

# Dpkg-I wireless-bcm43142-dkms_6.20.55.19-1_amd64.deb

You can download this driver from the Internet. In fact, it can also be compiled manually. If you want to compile this file by yourself, you can search for it online. I cannot open this webpage because of poor network conditions in my school. (This webpage is a Chinese website, however, my school's network has blocked a large number of domestic and foreign websites, such as CSDN, linuxsir, Baidu Post Bar, Baidu snapshot, and bing snapshot, so I cannot open this webpage ).

2.2.3 enable NIC:

# Modprobe wl

2.3 Add a 32-bit Runtime Library

Disclaimer: If your system is 64-bit, read it carefully. If it is 32-bit, skip this section and continue to read 2.4.

For Ubuntu users (such as Ubuntu and Linuxmint) and openSUSE, the system has installed 32-bit runtime libraries by default. However, Debian is not installed by default. If you do not install the 32-bit Runtime Library, the system prompts that the wps architecture is not applicable to the 64-bit system. Therefore, the following describes how to install a 32-bit Runtime Library:

# Dpkg -- add-architecture i386
# Apt-get update
# Apt-get install ia32-libs libncurses5: i386

2.4 flash

The system comes with Iceweasel by default. This browser is actually firefox. For firefox flash, the official version is no longer upgraded, and the version remains at 11.2 forever. However, the official notes indicate that they will always provide updates for flash 11.2 !! When the system is just installed, the flash version is very low, so you need to manually upgrade it. The upgrade method is as follows:

# Apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree
# Update-flashplugin-nonfree -- install

If you are using the chromium browser, install pepperflashplugin. In debian 7.8, pepperflashplugin cannot be directly installed from the new version. You need to add the backports source. However, some software in the backports source may affect the upgrade of the main version of the system, so use it with caution. If you have used the backports source, you can configure it according to releases notes when upgrading the release moderator version. Install pepperflashplugin as follows:

# Aptitude-t wheezy-backports install pepperflashplugin-nonfree
# Update-pepperflashplugin-nonfree -- install

2.5 Input Method Configuration

This is troublesome. If you are online during the installation process, this is not a problem. However, if you have disconnected the network, the fcitx input method cannot be typed when the system is just installed. You can also type, but you do not have an input interface. What should I do?

The reason is that the fcitx package system is not fully installed, which may be a developer's negligence. Then, open the new software package manager, enter fcitx for retrieval, and confirm that all of the following packages have been installed:

Fcitx
Fcitx-bin
Fcitx-config-common
Fcitx-config-gtk
Fcitx-config-gtk2
Fcitx-data
Fcitx-frontend-all
Fcitx-frontend-gtk2: amd64.
Fcitx-frontend-gtk3: amd64.
Fcitx-frontend-qt4: amd64.
Fcitx-googlepinyin
Fcitx-libs: amd64
Fcitx-module-plugin
Fcitx-module-kimpanel
Fcitx-module-x11
Fcitx-modules
Fcitx-pinyin
Fcitx-sunpinyin
Fcitx-table
Fcitx-table-wubi
Fcitx-tools
Fcitx-ui-classic

After installation, restart the system and use it.

Note: do not try to install sogou Input Method in 7.8 stable. The sogou input method depends on a relatively high fcitx version, but the fcitx version that comes with 7.8 stable is relatively low. If you really want to install sogou, use the unstable or testing branch, or use ubuntu operating systems (such as ubuntu and linuxmint ). In addition, do not use the ppa method to update fcitx, because ppa was invented by ubuntu developers and does not apply to Debian. If you want to use it, you are solely responsible for the consequences.

After the above configuration steps, the basic system configuration is complete. Is it easier to configure than Windows (of course, some plug-ins have been configured for pirated ghostversion windows systems, and of course there are viruses )?

2.6 system updates

If you are using a gnome desktop, you can click "software upgrade" on the desktop to upgrade the system software. If you are using other desktops, find them on your own. You can also use the following command:

# Apt-get upgrade

Or

# Aptitude upgrade

You can also click "mark a software package that can be upgraded" in the new software package manager, and then click "application.

3 installation of other software

I have installed a lot of software, such as making DVDs, making videos, making audio, games, and online music players. I recommend some software below. I am not responsible for tutoring the specific operation methods of the software, or I will check the information myself.

3.1 DVD production

This is not a video, but a file in the DVD format. After the disc is burned, it can be played on the home DVD player. Of course, you do not need to spray when you do not need this. You do not need an optical drive or a CD. Naturally, there are people in need.

Recommended software: DeVeDe, which is easy to understand in Chinese culture.

3.2 audio Production

Audacity is strongly recommended. This software has never been used.

3.3 system cleanup

BleachBit.

3.4 capture CD images, DVDs, and VCD

K3b is recommended.

This software is also a CD-based recording software developed based on the KDE Desktop Environment, but can run on gnome desktop or other desktop environments. If you encounter this kind of software, don't ask others again, "can you use it on gnome desktop ?" "Is it only available on the KDE Desktop ?" If you ask this question, you will think you are an idiot.

3.5 video editing

I like Kdenlive, and some people also recommend others. I recommend this software because it is easy to operate and has many features.

3.6 image management

We recommend Digikam.

3.7 dictionary

Goldendict is installed by default, but there is no dictionary. Use a dictionary of stardict. For more information, see: http://www.stardict.org/

3.8 office software

Libreoffice is installed by default, but the file saved by libreoffice may be incorrectly formatted if it is opened using MS Office. There are two solutions: output as a PDF file, or use domestic office software and WPS.

After WPS is installed, you will be prompted that the font is missing. You can download the relevant font and place it in ~ /. Fonts folder. Create a folder under the personal folder. fonts (pay attention to the small dots in front), put the font in it, the system can recognize it, and there is no need to put it in the system partition (unless your system has multiple users ).

3.9 online music player

KWplayer is recommended. Address: https://github.com/LiuLang/kwplayer-packages

3.10 Baidu online storage

We recommend bcloud. Address: https://github.com/LiuLang/bcloud-packages

3.11 online video player

We recommend "movie and video collection number ". However, I would like to explain that the library version on which the video collection number depends is higher. In 7.8 stable, the Library version is lower. If you want to use this software, use the unstable or testing branch.

Address: http://mvgather.com/

4. Security reminder

4.1 do not install 360 security guard for Linux. I will not describe it in detail to avoid the trouble of getting 360 brains from me. For details, please read 360 security guard for Linux use results. url:

4.2 exercise caution when using software with unknown sources.

4.3 make sure that the system has software to be upgraded.

5. system release version updates

It is expected that Debian 8 will be available in May. Users who use the 7.8 system can upgrade to 8, but because my school's network is very bad (I said you may not believe it, it is really bad), so I plan to upgrade the CD, download the first three DVDs and burn them for system upgrade. For more information, see Debian 8 release notes. There are two solutions for people who are uncomfortable seeing English: 1. Reading in the English-Chinese dictionary; 2. Turning left when going out and using windows.

At that time, I will post a record of the process of upgrading the system with a CD, so stay tuned.

6. Back up/restore the list of installed software packages

6.1 list of backup software packages on the current machine:
# Dpkg -- get-selections> app-backup-list.txt

6.2 import and reinstall all software on the reinstalled machine:
# Dpkg -- set-selections <app-backup-list.txt
# Apt-get-y update
# Apt-get dselect-upgrade

On my computer, there was a bug in the gnome Desktop recorder software, which showed that the recording could not be recorded, and the recording was suspended. Therefore, I cannot solve this problem by reinstalling the system or the gnome-media package. I guess this is a system bug. I hope it will be fixed after Debian 8 is released. (Current desktop version: Gnome 3.4.2 and Debian 8 will use version 3.14 ).

My text is time-sensitive. When Debian 8 is released, some of the instructions may be out of date, so I hope you can make a choice when referring to it. Thank you!

Written by the rest time in March 17, 2015

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