Debian GNU/Linux system card (1)

1. Get help

Man page or man bash:

Read the online help or most configuration files of each command.

Command [-- help,-h]:

Brief help for most commands.

/Usr/share/doc/[package-name/]:

Search for all documents and the README. Debian file containing specific options.

Web documentation

Reference, manual, FAQ, HOWTO, etc. http://www.debian.org/doc/

Mail list at http://lists.debian.org

Communities are usually very useful for user queries.

2. Installation

Installer

All of its information can be found at the http://www.debian.org/devel/debian-installer.

CD images

Download from http://people.debian.org/cdimage/testing/

Boot: expert

For example, set DHCP or replace GRUB with LILO.

Boot: linux26 or boot: export26

Use the 2.6 kernel during installation

3. Error

Error Tracking at http://bugs.debian.org/

All existing and fixed errors

Specific software package

View the http://bugs.debian.org/package-name/ and use wnpp to query new packages

Reportbug

Use email to submit an error

Reporting

Tutorials at http://www.debian.org/Bugs/Reporting

4. Configuration

/Etc/

All system configuration files are in the/etc/directory.

Nano files

The default text editor, which may also be emacs, vi, and joe.

Https: // hostname: webmin at 10000

The browser interface used for system configuration. Its access is defined at/etc/webmin/miniserv. conf.

Http: // CUPS at hostname: 631

Print System Browser Interface

Dpkg-reconfigure package-name

Reconfigure software packages, such as console-common (keyboard) and locales (localization)

Update-alternatives options

Set the default startup command

Update-grub

Operations after the new kernel is installed

Make-kpkg -- initrd -- version = 2: my.1.0 -- rootcmd fakeroot -- uc -- us kernel_image

When you need to customize the kernel, you need to install the kernel-package to build a kernel package from the source code.

M-a-I module kernel_image

To create and install a third-party module (nvidia...), you must install module-assistant.

5. daemon processes and systems

/Etc/init. d/file restart

Restart a service and the system daemon process

/Etc/init. d/file stop

Stop a service and the system daemon process

/Etc/init. d/file start

Start a service and the system daemon process

Halt, reboot, poweroff

Stop, restart, and shut down the system

/Var/log/

All log files are in this directory.

/Etc/default/

Default values of some daemon and services

6. Important shell commands

Cat files

Display file content on the screen

Cd directort

Switch directory

Cp files dest

Copy files and directories

Echo string

Returns a string to the screen.

Gzip, bzip2 [-d] files

Compress and decompress files

Less files

Show File Content

Ls files

Show file list

Mkdir directory-names

Create directory

Mv file1 file2

Move and rename a file

Rm files

Delete an object

Rmdir dirs

Delete empty directory

Tar [c] [x] [t] [z] [j]-f file.tar [files]

Create, decompress, and list the content of the archive file. z and j are for. gz and. bz2.

Find directories expressions

Search for files, such as-name or-size + 1000.

Grep search-string files

Search for matching strings in files

Kill [-9] number

Send a signal to a process (for example, terminate it)

Ln-s file link

Creates a symbolic connection for a file.

Ps [options]

Display current process

Su-[username]

Change to another user, such as root

Sudo command

A common user executes a command as root. For more information, see/etc/sudoers.

Command> file

Overwrite the command output to the file.

Command> file

Add command output to the end of the file

Cmd1 | cmd2

Use the output of command 1 as the input of command 2.

Command uses the file content as the command input.