Linux basic commands-Directory management-file management

⑴, directory view command ls

LS: Displays files in the current directory

-L: Lists the files in the current directory and displays their related properties

-A: Displays all files in the current directory that contain hidden files

-A: Displays the current directory in addition to. and. All directories outside the directory

-H: Displays the file size by units of K or M.

-R: Reverse Display

-R: Recursive Display of directories

⑵, System time view and modify command clock, Hwclock, date

Clock: Show System time

Hwclock: Displays the hardware time of the system.

HWCLOCK-W: Synchronizing the system time to the hardware

Hwclock-s: Synchronizing hardware time to the system

Date modification Time

The date month, day, day, and every minute (yearly). seconds

⑶, directories, file creation and deletion commands Mkdir,touch, RmDir, RM

mkdir: Creating an empty Directory

Mkdir-p: Creating a directory recursively

Touch: Create a file

Touch-c: The file is not created when it exists

RmDir: Delete an empty directory

Rmdir-p: Recursively Delete a directory

RM: Deleting files

Rm-i: Interactive Delete

RM-F: Violent deletion

Rm-r: Recursively Delete a directory

RM-RF:

Another use of touch: Modify Timestamp

-A: Change access time only

-M: Change the modification time only

-T: Self-built time (month and day)--with a, m with use! ）

Stat: Displays the timestamp of the file

⑷, file, directory copy command CP

cp/etc/passwd/tmp/: Copy to directory and save the original file name

Cp/etc/passwd/tmp/test:test directory exists, meaning as above, otherwise copy and rename to test

-r: Recursive copy Directory

-I: Interactive display of information

-F: Forced override

-P: Preserve the properties of the original file

-A: Preserves all properties of a file

Cp-p: When copying linked files, directly copy the link (CP link file is the default copy of the link pointing to the file)

⑸, the move of the directory file, the MV of the rename command

MV SRC (source) DEST (target)

MV AB BC

⑹, text File View commands cat, more, less, head

Cat: Link and display all the contents of a file

-N: Display line number when displayed

-E: Displays the terminator of each line

-T: Show tabs

TAC: Reverse Display

MORE: Much the same as cat's usage, just provides a page-forward paging to display. Show to last Auto exit

Less: Similar to more, only displays the last required input Q to exit the display

Head: Displays the first n rows of a text file

-N: Top N rows

Tail: View the following n lines of text, default is 10

-N: After n rows

Special usage of tail:

-F: View the end of the file, and do not exit, waiting for the display of new additions;

⑺, Text Processing command cut, sort, WC, tr

Cut: Used to cut data and display

-D: Knows the field delimiter. Default is empty, cut-d:-f7 whitespace cut-d "

-F: Develop the field to select

Sort: Commands for text sorting

-N: Sort by numeric size

-R: Descending sort

-U: The same line is displayed once

-F: Ignore case

WC: Text Statistics command

-L: Show only the number of rows

-W: Displays only the number of words

-C: Show only the number of bytes

-L: Indicates how many characters are displayed for the longest line

TR: for converting or deleting characters

Tar ab AB: Conversion

tar-d: Delete occurrences of characters

⑻, Directory Rights Management

1, Chown: Modify the file owner-(only administrators have this permission)

Chown USERNAME file .... (Change the directory itself only)

-R: Recursive modification (owner of modified directory and its internal files)

--reference=/path/to/somefile file: Sets the owner of the file to be the same as the owner of the Somefile (no need to specify the owner)

Chown username:grpname Fiel ... Change both the owner and the group

Hown:groupname Fiel .... Modify Genus Group

2, modified files belong to group: chgrp: Modify the file group-only the administrator can use

Basic attachment parameters are the same as Chown

Chgrp GROUPNAME file .... (Change the directory itself only)

-R: Recursive modification

--reference=/path/to/somefile file ... Set the owner of the file to be the same as the genus of the somefile (you do not need to specify a group)

3. Modify file Permissions: chmod

chmod 755 File: directly specifies the 2 binary of the permission.

Modify a user or some class user rights (U, G, O, a)

chmod user category =mode Fiel.

Modify a user of a certain class or some bit permissions mode (WRX)

chmod user Category [-/+]mode fiel:

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Linux basic commands-Directory management-file management