Linux system directory structure description and function introduction

Hello, everybody good evening 650) this.width=650; "alt=" J_0059.gif "src=" Http://img.baidu.com/hi/jx2/j_0059.gif "/>! Today will share the Linux system directory structure and the functions of each directory, this time the outline is as follows:

1. Windows file system and Linux file system differences

2. Description of directory structure in Linux system and introduction of each directory function

3, the root file system sub-directory function simple Introduction

4. Summary of Contents

One, the Windows folder structure and the Linux folder structure differences

First to everyone on the two picture 650) this.width=650; "alt=" J_0063.gif "src=" Http://img.baidu.com/hi/jx2/j_0063.gif "/>, as follows:

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650) this.width=650; "Width=" 872 "height=" 608 "title=" qq picture 20141218215131.jpg "style=" width:738px;height:608px; "alt= "Wkiol1ss3sezv9tnaagb9hrslja057.jpg" src= "http://s3.51cto.com/wyfs02/M01/57/26/ Wkiol1ss3sezv9tnaagb9hrslja057.jpg "/> Diagram II, Linux system

The first picture is intercepted under the Windows system we often use, and we are already very much used to C, D ... 650) this.width=650; "alt=" J_0057.gif "src=" Http://img.baidu.com/hi/jx2/j_0057.gif "/> for first-time contact with Linux, It is always more difficult to accept the file allocation mode under Linux. In fact, Linux is very different from windows in terms of file systems.
The second picture is captured by the Linux system, using the EXT4 or ext3 file system on Linux, and using the FAT32 or NTFS file system on Windows, and Linux on the mount point mode to frame the file system. The mount point may be the root directory, or it may be a subdirectory. Files or directories stored under the nearest hang point, such as two file systems,/usr/and/usr/local

, then/usr/local/bin will exist under/usr/local, not/usr.

A hard disk can be divided into a number of areas, in terms of windows, we can divide the C, D, etc., under Linux, we can divide/, SWAP,/boot,/var,/home, etc., and windows on the operating system installed on the C drive is not the same; FHS Management ( FHS is the short name of the file system Hierachy standard and is the FileSystem architecture Guideline for UNIX and Linux ) is a guideline that is followed on Linux, and Windows does not.

Commands and configuration files on Windows are under C:\Windows and use the same partition, where commands and configuration files on Linux are placed under different directories, and different partitions can be used. This approach to Linux facilitates the control of authority and the efficiency of operations.
In addition, the slash "\" in Windows with the top left to the right is delimited as the directory hierarchy, while Linux is delimited by the top right-to-left slash "/" as the directory hierarchy.

Through the above text introduction, presumably everyone has probably understood the Windows and Linux file system some differences? If still some confused, then also have no relationship 650) this.width=650; "alt=" J_0057.gif "src=" Http://img.baidu.com/hi/jx2/j_0057.gif "/> As you learn the Linux system in depth, you will slowly feel the two file system differences.

Ii. Description of directory structure in Linux system and introduction of each directory function

The above section gives you a general description of the Windows and Linux file system differences, this section we mainly familiar with the Linux system under the role of the various folders, and listen to me slowly, detailed as follows:

1,/bin: Standard program Design Library, also known as dynamic Link Shared library, acting like a. dll file in Windows

2,/sbin: System Management Command, which is stored in the system administrator to use the management program

3./tmp: Common temporary file storage points

4./lib,/lib64: Shared library files and kernel modules

5./etc: System Management and configuration files

6,/dev:devices, all equipment files are stored here (device files are also known as special files)

7./ETC/RC.D: Startup configuration files and scripts

8,/home: The base point of the household directory, such as the user's home directory is/home/user, you can use ~user to express

9,/root: System Administrator's home directory

10,/MNT: The system provides this directory is to allow users to temporarily mount other file systems

11,/lost+found: This directory is usually empty, the system is not normal shutdown left "homeless" file is here

12,/proc: Virtual directory, is the system memory mapping, can directly access the directory to obtain system information

13./var: overflow area for some large files, such as log files for various services; frequently changing files

14,/usr: The largest directory, applications and files to use almost all in this directory

15,/usr/bin: numerous applications.

16./usr/sbin: Some management programs for super users

17./usr/share/doc:linux Documents

18. The header files needed to develop and compile the application under/usr/include:linux

19,/usr/lib: Common dynamic link library and package configuration file

20,/usr/share/man: Help document.

21,/USR/SRC: Source code, the source of the Linux kernel is placed in the/usr/src/linux

22./usr/local/bin: Locally added commands

23./usr/local/lib: Locally added Coogan file system

Three, the root file system sub-directory function simple Introduction

Typically, the root file system occupies a smaller space, most of which do not require frequent changes, and include strict files and a small, infrequently changing file system that cannot be easily damaged. In addition to a possible system boot image called the/vmlinuz standard, the root directory generally does not contain any files. All other files are in the subdirectory of the root file system, as detailed below:

1./bin directory: The/bin directory contains the commands required to boot or the commands that are likely to be used by ordinary users (possibly after boot boot), which

Some commands are binary executable program (BIN is binary abbreviation), most of the system is important system components

2./sbin directory:/sbin directory similar to/bin, also used to store binaries, most of the files are used by the system administrator of the base

The system program, so although ordinary users are necessary and allowed to use, but generally not for ordinary users

3./etc Directory:/etc directory contains a variety of system configuration files, including the user information file/etc/passwd, the system initially

Start file/etc/rc and so on. Linux relies on these files to run normally

4./root directory:/root directory is a directory of super users

5./lib Directory: The/lib directory is the shared library required by the program on the root file system, which holds the shares required for the root file system program to run

File. These files contain code that can be shared by many programs to prevent each program from including the same child

A copy of the program, which can make the executable file smaller and save space

6./lib/modules Directory: The/lib/modules directory contains system cores that can be loaded with various modules, especially those recovering from corrupted

Modules required to reboot the system (for example, network and file system drivers)

7./dev Directory: the/dev directory holds device files, or device drivers, through which users access external devices. Than

For example, the user can access the mouse input by accessing the/dev/mouse, just like accessing other files

8./tmp directory: the/TMP directory stores the information and data generated by the program at run time. However, after booting the boot, the program that runs is best

Use/var/tmp instead of/TMP because the former may have a larger disk space

9./boot directory: the boot loader (Bootstraploader) uses files such as Lilo, and the core image is also

Often placed here, rather than in the root directory. But if there are many core images, this directory may change

Very large, it would be better to use a separate file system. It is also important to note that the core

The image must be within the first 1024 cylinders of the IDE's hard drive

/mnt directory: The/MNT directory is the installation point of the system Administrator temporary installation (mount) file system. The program does not automatically support security

Install to/mnt. /MNT below can be divided into many subdirectories, such as/mnt/dosa may be using MSDOS

The floppy drive of the system, while the/mnt/exta may be the floppy drive using the Ext2 file system,/mnt/cdrom optical drive, etc.

/proc,/usr,/var,/home directory: Installation point for other file systems

Iv. Summary of Contents

today's content to sue a paragraph here, summed up, today we mainly introduce the following three points of knowledge:

1. Windows file system and Linux file system differences

2, Linux system directory structure description and the use of various directories

3, the root file system sub-directory function simple Introduction

Directory structure in Linux system as we are more and more familiar with the Linux system, but also to the directory structure more and more handy, today we just introduced the main directory of the role and function, some directories may not be covered to also please forgive me, I believe that as we learn in depth these are small problems 650) this.width=650; "src=" Http://img.baidu.com/hi/jx2/j_0057.gif "alt=" J_0057.gif "/>!"

All right, here we go, good night!

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Linux system directory structure description and function introduction