Full name explanation for Linux commands

Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)

/: root directory, all directories, files, devices are in/below,/is the Linux file system Organizer, is also the most superior leader.

/bin:bin is the binary (binary) abbreviation. In the general system, you can find the common Linux commands in this directory. The commands required by the system are located in this directory.

/boot: The Linux kernel and the file directories required for the boot system program, such as the Vmlinuz initrd.img files, are located in this directory. In general, the GRUB or LILO system Boot Manager is also located in this directory.

/cdrom: This directory is empty when the system is just installed. You can attach the optical drive file system to this directory. Example: Mount/dev/cdrom/cdrom

/ Dev:Dev is an acronym for devices. This directory is important to all users. Because this directory contains all the external devices used in the Linux system. But this is not the driver for the external device. This is not the same as the common Windows,dos operating system. It is actually a port that accesses these external devices. It is very easy to access these external devices, and to access a file, a directory without any distinction.

/etc:etc This directory is one of the most important directories in the Linux system. This directory contains the various configuration files and subdirectories to be used in system administration. To use the network configuration files, file system, x system configuration files, device configuration information, set up user information, etc. are in this directory.

/home: If a user is created, the user name is "xx", then there is a corresponding/home/xx path in the/home directory, which is used to store the user's main directory.

/lib:Lib is the English abbreviation of library. This directory is used to store the system dynamic connection shared library. Almost all applications use shared libraries in this directory. Therefore, do not easily do anything to this directory, once the problem occurs, the system will not work.

/lost+found: in the ext2 or ext3 file system, when the system crashes unexpectedly or the machine shuts down unexpectedly, some file fragments are placed here. When the system starts, the Fsck tool checks here and repairs the corrupted file system. Sometimes problems with the system, a lot of files are moved to this directory, may be repaired in a manual way, or moved to the original location of the file.

/mnt: This directory is generally used to store mounted storage devices, such as CDROM directory. You can see the definition of/etc/fstab.

/media: Some Linux distributions use this directory to mount the USB interface's removable hard drives (including USB sticks), CD/DVD drives, and so on.

/OPT: This is where the optional programs are mainly stored.

/proc: System Information can be obtained in this directory. This information is in memory and generated by the system itself.

/root: Home directory for Linux super User root.

/sbin: This directory is used to store the system administrator's hypervisor system Binary. Most of the commands involved in system Management, is the super-user root executable command storage, ordinary users do not have permission to execute this directory commands, this directory and/usr/sbin; The/usr/x11r6/sbin or/usr/local/sbin directory is similar, and the directory sbin contains root permissions to execute.

/selinux : For some of SELinux's profile directories, SELinux can make Linux more secure.

After the /srv service is started, the data directory to be accessed, for example, the Web page data that the WWW service starts to read can be placed in a/srv/www

/sys: A newer, virtual, memory-based file system in the Linux kernel works somewhat like proc, but in addition to having the ability to view and set kernel parameters in the same way as Proc, there is also a Linux unified device model for management purposes.

/tmp: temporary file directory, which is used to store temporary files generated when different programs are executed. Sometimes when a user runs a program, a temporary file is generated. /tmp is used to store temporary files. The/var/tmp directory is similar to this directory.

/usr: (Unix System Resource) 　 This is the largest directory in the Linux system that occupies hard disk space. Many of the users ' applications and files are stored in this directory. In this directory, you can find additional tools that are not suitable for use in/bin or/etc directories.

/usr/local: The main store is the software that is installed manually, that is, not through "new" or Apt-get installed. It has a similar directory structure to the/usr directory. Let the package Manager manage the/usr directory and put the custom script (scripts) under the/usr/local directory.

/usr/share: things that the system uses to store, such as/usr/share/fonts are font directories,/usr/share/doc and/usr/share/man Help files.

/var: The contents of this directory are constantly changing, see the name to know, can be understood as vary abbreviation,/var under/var/log This is used to store the system log directory. The/var/www directory is the directory where the Apache server site is defined, and/var/lib is used to store some library files, such as MySQL, and the location of the MySQL database. [30]

Cal = Calendar calendars, calender
Cat = CATenate connection, allowing continuous
cd = Change Directory
CHGRP = Change GRouP
chmod = Change MODe
Chown = Change OWNer
Chsh = Change SHell
CMP = Compare
Cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture
Comm = Common
CP = CoPy
Cpio = CoPy in and out
CPP = C Pre Processor
Cron = Chronos Greek time
Cups = Common Unix Printing System
CVS = current Version System
Daemon = Disk and execution MONitor the word should appear before the computer, it's very popular.
DC = Desk Calculator
DD = Disk Dump
DF = Disk Free
diff = Difference
DMESG = Diagnostic Message
Du = Disk Usage
ed = Editor
Egrep = Extended GREP
Elf = extensible linking Format
Elm = ELectronic Mail
Emacs = Editor MACroS
eval = EVALuate
ex = EXtended
exec = EXECute
FD = file descriptors
FG = ForeGround
Fgrep = Fixed GREP
Fish = the friendly Interactive SHell

File = files to see whether the type is binary, etc.
FMT = Format
fsck = File System ChecK
Fstab = FileSystem TABle
FVWM = f*** Virtual Window Manager
gawk = GNU AWK

GCC = general public Licence (GNU) compiler collection compiler generates binary a.out files
GPG = GNU Privacy Guard

grep = Global search Regular expression and print out line
Groff = GNU Troff
Hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer
Joe = Joe ' s Own Editor
Ksh = Korn SHell
Lame = lame Ain ' t an MP3 Encoder
Lex = LEXical Analyser
Lisp = LISt processing = Lots of irritating superfluous parentheses
ln = LiNk
LPR = line PRint
ls = List
lsof = LiSt Open Files
M4 = Macro Processor Version 4

make = Make
Man = MANual pages had been puzzled for some time before, being laughed at: see more men, less woman
Mawk = Mike Brennan s AWK
MC = Midnight Commander
MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
MKFS = Make FileSystem
Mknod = Make NODe
MOTD = Message of the day
Mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa
mTAB = Mount TABle
MV = MoVe
Nano = Nano ' s another editor
Nawk = New AWK
NL = Number of Lines
NM = names
Nohup = No Hangup
Nroff = New ROFF
od = octal Dump
passwd = PASSWorD
pg = Pager
Pico = PIne ' s Message composition Editor
Pine = "program for Internet News & E-mail" = "Pine is not ELM"
ping = Packet InterNet Groper
Pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability
POPD = POP Directory
PR = Pre
printf = PRINT Formatted
PS = Processes Status
Pty = Pseudo TTY
pushd = PUSH Directory
PWD = Print working Directory
rc = runcom = Run command, RC or Plan9 shell
Rev = REVerse
RM = ReMove
RN = Read News
Roff = runoff
RPM = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager
Rsh, rlogin, r = Remote in Rvim
RXVT = Our XVT
Seamoneky = i
sed = Stream EDitor
Seq = SEQuence
Shar = SHell ARchive
SLRN = S-lang RN
SSH = Secure SHell
SSL = Secure Sockets Layer
Stty = Set TTY
Su = Substitute user or Switch user (the former is more common)
sudo = Superuser/substitue user do is more prone to superuser under Ubuntu because it represents root permissions
SVN = SubVersioN
tar = Tape ARchive
tcsh = Tenex C Shell
Tee = t (T-shaped water pipe interface)
telnet = teminal over Network
Termcap = terminal capability
Terminfo = Terminal information
Tex =τ?χνη abbreviation, Greek art
TR = traslate
Troff = typesetter New ROFF
Tsort = Topological SORT
TTY = Teletypewriter Telex typewriter? No use. I don't know how to relate to the text interface of Ubuntu.
TWM = Tom ' s Window Manager
TZ = TimeZone
Udev = Userspace DEV
Ulimit = User ' s LIMIT
Umask = User ' s MASK
Uniq = UNIQue
VI = VIsual = Very Inconvenient The one behind it is someone else's Emily just, inconvenient why there are so many people to use. But like I wait for beginners do not use, vim slightly better.
VIM = Vi Improved
Wall = Write All
WC = Word Count
Wine = Wine isn't an Emulator too much, and GNU ' s not Unix got a spell
Xargs = eXtended ARGuments
XDm = X Display Manager
XLFD = X Logical Font Description
XMMS = X Multimedia System
Xrdb = X Resources DataBase
XWD = X Window Dump
YACC = yet another compiler compiler

PWD = Print work diretory

http://blog.csdn.net/longyulu/article/details/8536089

Full name explanation of the Linux command (RPM)