Full name of the Linux command

Su:swith User switch users, switch to root user
Cat:concatenate Series
Uname:unix Name Name System
Df:disk free HDD
Du:disk Usage HDD Usage
Chown:change owner Change Owners
Chgrp:change Group change user groups
Ps:process Status Process state
Tar:tape Archive Extract Files
Chmod:change Mode Change modes
Umount:unmount Uninstall
Ldd:list dynamic dependencies lists dynamically dependent
Insmod:install Module Installation Modules
Rmmod:remove Module Delete Modules
Lsmod:list Module List Modules
Alias:create your own name for a command
Bash:gnu bourne-again Shell Linux kernel
Grep:global Regular Expression Print
Httpd:start Apache
Ipcalc:calculate IP information for a host
Ping:send ICMP echo_request to network hosts
Reboot:restart your computer
Sudo:superuser do

/bin = BINaries
/dev = DEVices
/etc = where the configuration file is stored. Directory of configuration Files
Editable text Configuration initial Etcetra directory (etcetera), later "Editable text Configuration" or "Extended Tool Chest".
/OPT = Optional application software packages
PWD = Print working directory (print working directory).
/lib = LIBrary
/proc = PROCesses
/sbin = Superuser BINaries
/tmp = Temporary
/usr = Unix Shared Resources
/var = VARiable? It's a file that stores changes, like log and so on.
FIFO = First in, first out
GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader
IFS = Internal Field seperators
LILO = LInux LOader
MySQL = My original author's name sql = structured Query Language
php = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP hypertext Preprocessor
PS = Prompt String
Perl = "Pratical Extraction and report Language" = "pathologically eclectic rubbish Lister"
Python Monty python ' s Flying Circus
TCL = Tool Command Language
Tk = ToolKit
VT = Video Terminal
YaST = yet another Setup Tool
Apache = "A patchy" server
Apt = Advanced Packaging Tool
AR = archiver
As = Assembler
bash = Bourne Again SHell
BC = Basic (Better) Calculator
BG = BackGround
Cal = CALendar
Cat = CATenate
cd = Change Directory
CHGRP = Change GRouP
chmod = Change MODe
Chown = Change OWNer
Chsh = Change SHell
CMP = Compare
Cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture
Comm = Common
CP = CoPy
Cpio = CoPy in and out
CPP = C Pre Processor
Cups = Common Unix Printing System
CVS = current Version System
Daemon = Disk and execution MONitor
DC = Desk Calculator
DD = Disk Dump
DF = Disk Free
diff = Difference
DMESG = Diagnostic Message
Du = Disk Usage
ed = Editor
Egrep = Extended GREP
Elf = extensible linking Format
Elm = ELectronic Mail
Emacs = Editor MACroS
eval = EVALuate
ex = EXtended
exec = EXECute
FD = file descriptors
FG = ForeGround
Fgrep = Fixed GREP
FMT = Format
fsck = File System ChecK
Fstab = FileSystem TABle
FVWM = f*** Virtual Window Manager
gawk = GNU AWK
GPG = GNU Privacy Guard
Groff = GNU Troff
Hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer
Joe = Joe ' s Own Editor
Ksh = Korn SHell
Lame = lame Ain ' t an MP3 Encoder
Lex = LEXical Analyser
Lisp = LISt processing = Lots of irritating superfluous parentheses
ln = LiNk
LPR = line PRint
ls = List
lsof = LiSt Open Files
M4 = Macro Processor Version 4
Man = MANual pages
Mawk = Mike Brennan s AWK
MC = Midnight Commander
MKFS = Make FileSystem
Mknod = Make NODe
MOTD = Message of the day
Mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa
mTAB = Mount TABle
MV = MoVe
Nano = Nano ' s another editor
Nawk = New AWK
NL = Number of Lines
NM = names
Nohup = No Hangup
Nroff = New ROFF
od = octal Dump
passwd = PASSWorD
pg = Pager
Pico = PIne ' s Message composition Editor
Pine = "program for Internet News & E-mail" = "Pine is not ELM"
ping = Packet InterNet grouper
Pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability
POPD = POP Directory
PR = Pre
printf = PRINT Formatted
PS = Processes Status
Pty = Pseudo TTY
pushd = PUSH Directory
PWD = Print working Directory
rc = runcom = Run command, Shell
Rev = REVerse
RM = ReMove
RN = Read News
Roff = runoff
RPM = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager
Rsh, rlogin, = Remote
RXVT = Our XVT
sed = Stream EDitor
Seq = SEQuence
Shar = SHell ARchive
SLRN = S-lang RN
SSH = Secure SHell
SSL = Secure Sockets Layer
Stty = Set TTY
Su = Substitute User
SVN = SubVersioN
tar = Tape ARchive
tcsh = Tenex C Shell
telnet = teminal over Network
Termcap = terminal capability
Terminfo = Terminal information
TR = traslate
Troff = typesetter New ROFF
Tsort = Topological SORT
TTY = Teletypewriter
TWM = Tom ' s Window Manager
TZ = TimeZone
Udev = Userspace DEV
Ulimit = User ' s LIMIT
Umask = User ' s MASK
Uniq = UNIQue
VI = VIsual = Very Inconvenient
VIM = Vi Improved
Wall = Write All
WC = Word Count
Wine = Wine isn't an Emulator
Xargs = eXtended ARGuments
XDm = X Display Manager
XLFD = X Logical Font Description
XMMS = X Multimedia System
Xrdb = X Resources DataBase
XWD = X Window Dump
YACC = yet another compiler compiler






/var contains data to be changed when the system is generally running. Usually the size of the directory in which the data resides is constantly changing or expanding. In the original/var directory, some of the content is in/usr, but in order to maintain the relative stability of the/USR directory, the directories that need to change frequently are placed in/var. Each system is specific, i.e. it is not shared with other computers over the network. Some important directories are listed below (some of the less important directories are omitted).
1./var/catman: Includes the formatted Help (man) page. The source file for the help page is generally present in/usr/man/catman, and some man pages may have a pre-formatted version, which exists in/usr/man/cat. While the other man pages need to be formatted for the first time, the formatted version exists in/var/man so that other people can look at the same page without waiting for formatting. (/var/catman are often cleared, just as you would clear a temporary directory.) )
2./var/lib: The file to be changed when the system is in normal operation.
3./var/local: Variable data that holds the programs installed in the/usr/local (that is, programs installed by the system administrator). Note that, if necessary,
Even locally installed programs use other/var directories, such as/var/lock.
4./var/lock: Lock the file. Many programs follow the convention of creating a locked file in/var/lock to support their use of a particular device or file. Other programs will not use this device or file when they notice the lock file.
5./var/log: Logs (log) files for various programs, especially login (/var/log/wtmplog records all log-in and logoff to system) and Syslog (/var/log/messages Records store all core and System program information). The files in the/var/log often grow in uncertainty and should be cleaned up regularly.
6./var/run: A system-related information file is available before the next system boot. For example,/var/run/utmp contains information about the user who is currently logged on.
7./var/spool: directory where the "spool (spool)" program is placed, such as mail, news, print queues, and other queued work. Each of the different spool has its own subdirectory under/var/spool, for example, the user's mailbox is stored in/var/spool/mail.
8./var/tmp: A temporary file that is larger than/TMP and that requires a longer time to exist. Note system administrators may not allow/var/tmp to have very old files.

/etc File System
The/etc directory contains a variety of system configuration files, some of which are described below. Other you should know which program they belong to and read the man page of the program. Many network configuration files are also in/etc.
1./ETC/RC or/etc/rc.d or/ETC/RC? D: A directory that starts, or alters, a script or script that runs at run-time.
2./ETC/PASSWD: User database, where the domain gives the user name, real name, user start directory, encrypted password, and other information of the user.
3./ETC/FDPRM: Floppy parameter table to illustrate different floppy disk formats. Can be set with SETFDPRM. See the SETFDPRM help page for more information.
4./etc/fstab: Specifies the list of file systems that need to be installed automatically at startup. Also includes information about the swap area enabled with SWAPON-A.
5./etc/group: Similar to/etc/passwd, but not the user information but the group information. Includes various data for the group.
6./etc/inittab:init configuration file.
7./etc/issue: Includes the user's output information before the logon prompt. Usually includes a short description of the system or a welcome message. Specific content is determined by the system administrator.
8./etc/magic: Config file for "file". Contains a description of the different file formats, and "file" guesses the file type based on it.
9./ETC/MOTD:MOTD is the message of the day, which is automatically exported after the user has successfully logged in. The content is determined by the system administrator. Often used to advertise information, such as warnings for scheduled shutdown times.
/etc/mtab: List of currently installed file systems. Initialized by the script (SCRITP) and updated automatically by the Mount command. Used when a list of currently installed file systems is required (for example, the DF command).
/etc/shadow: Shadow password file on a system with Shadow (shadow) password software installed. The shadow password file moves the encrypted password in the/etc/passwd file to/etc/shadow, which is readable only by the superuser (root). This makes it more difficult to decipher the password, which increases the security of the system.
configuration file for the./etc/login.defs:login command.
/etc/printcap: Similar to/etc/termcap, but for printers. syntax is different.
/etc/profile,/etc/csh.login,/ETC/CSH.CSHRC: Files that are executed Bourne or cshells at logon or startup. This allows the system administrator to establish a global default environment for all users.
/etc/securetty: Confirm the security terminal, that is, which terminal allows superuser (root) to log in. Only virtual consoles are generally listed, which makes it impossible (at least difficult) to break into the system via a modem or network and gain superuser privileges.
/etc/shells: Lists the shells you can use. The CHSH command allows the user to change the login shell within the scope specified in this file. Provide a
The service process of the Machine FTP service FTPD checks whether the user shell is listed in the/etc/shells file, and if not, the user will not be allowed to log on.
/ETC/TERMCAP: Terminal performance database. Describes what "escape sequence" controls are used by different terminals. No direct output escaping when writing programs
Sequence (this works only with a particular brand of terminal), but instead looks for the correct sequence of work to be done from/etc/termcap. In this way, most programs can run on most terminals.

Command abbreviation:

Ls:list (List contents)

Cd:change directory (change directory)

Su:switch User Switch users
Rpm:redhat Package Manager Red Hat Pack Manager
Pwd:print Work Directory Print current directory displays the absolute path of the current working directory
Ps:process status (Process state, Windows-like Task Manager) Common parameters:-AUXF
PS-AUXF Show Process Status
Df:disk free its function is to display the amount of disk space available and spatial node information. In other words, it is reported how much free space is left in any installed device or directory.
RPM: Redhat package Management, one of Redhat's inventions

Rmdir:remove directory (delete directory)

Rm:remove (delete directory or file)

Cat:concatenate chain Cat File1 file2>>file3 combine the contents of files 1 and 2 into File3
Insmod:install module, loading modules
Ln-s: Link-soft creates a soft link that is equivalent to creating a shortcut

Mkdir:make Directory (Create directory

Touch

Man:manual
Pwd:print working Directory
Su:swith User
Cd:change Directory
Ls:list files
Ps:process Status
Mkdir:make Directory
Rmdir:remove Directory
Mkfs:make File System
Fsck:file system Check
Cat:concatenate
Uname:unix Name
Df:disk Free
Du:disk usage
Lsmod:list Modules
Mv:move file
Rm:remove file
Cp:copy file
Ln:link files
Fg:foreground
Bg:background
Chown:change owner
Chgrp:change Group
Chmod:change mode
Umount:unmount
DD: should be named "CC" according to its function description "Convert an copy", but "CC" has been used to represent "C complier", so named "DD"
Tar:tape Archive
Ldd:list Dynamic Dependencies
Insmod:install Module
Rmmod:remove Module
Lsmod:list Module
"RC" At the end of the file (e.g.. BASHRC,. XINITRC, etc.): Resource configuration
Knnxxx/snnxxx (in the RCX.D directory): K (Kill); S (service); nn (execution sequence number); XXX (service ID)
. A (Extension a): Archive,static library
. So (extension so): Shared object,dynamically Linked Library
. O (Extension o): Object file,complied Result of C + + source file
rpm:red Hat Package Manager
Dpkg:debian Package Manager
Apt:advanced Package tool (available in Debian or Debian-based distributions)

Some Linux commands are indented

Bin = BINaries #下面的是一些二进制程序文件 /dev = DEVices #下面的是一些硬件驱动 /etc = Etcetera #目录存放着各种系统配置文件, similar to the system under Windows /lib = LIBrary /proc = PROCesses /sbin = Superuser BINaries /tmp = Temporary /usr = Unix Shared Resources /var = VARiable? /boot=boot #下面的是开机启动文件 FIFO = First in, first out GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader IFS = Internal Field seperators LILO = LInux LOader MySQL = My is the first name of the author's daughter, SQL = structured Query Language php = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP hypertext Preprocessor PS = Prompt String Perl = "Pratical Extraction and report Language" = "pathologically eclectic rubbish Lister" Python is named after the TV drama Monty Python ' s Flying Circus TCL = Tool Command Language Tk = ToolKit VT = Video Terminal YaST = yet another Setup Tool Apache = "A patchy" server Apt = Advanced Packaging Tool AR = archiver As = Assembler awk = "Aho Weiberger and Kernighan" The first letter of the last name of three authors bash = Bourne Again SHell BC = Basic (Better) Calculator BG = BackGround Biff = author Heidi Stettner A dog in u.c.berkely and likes to bark at the postman. Cal = CALendar Cat = CATenate cd = Change Directory CHGRP = Change GRouP chmod = Change MODe Chown = Change OWNer Chsh = Change SHell CMP = Compare Cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture Comm = Common CP = CoPy Cpio = CoPy in and out CPP = C Pre Processor Cron = Chronos Greek time Cups = Common Unix Printing System CVS = current Version System Daemon = Disk and execution MONitor DC = Desk Calculator DD = Disk Dump DF = Disk Free diff = Difference DMESG = Diagnostic Message Du = Disk Usage ed = Editor Egrep = Extended GREP Elf = extensible linking Format Elm = ELectronic Mail Emacs = Editor MACroS eval = EVALuate ex = EXtended exec = EXECute FD = file descriptors FG = ForeGround Fgrep = Fixed GREP FMT = Format fsck = File System ChecK Fstab = FileSystem TABle FVWM = f*** Virtual Window Manager gawk = GNU AWK GPG = GNU Privacy Guard Groff = GNU Troff Hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer Joe = Joe ' s Own Editor Ksh = Korn SHell Lame = lame Ain ' t an MP3 Encoder Lex = LEXical Analyser Lisp = LISt processing = Lots of irritating superfluous parentheses ln = LiNk LPR = line PRint ls = List lsof = LiSt Open Files M4 = Macro Processor Version 4 Man = MANual pages Mawk = Mike Brennan s AWK MC = Midnight Commander MKFS = Make FileSystem Mknod = Make NODe MOTD = Message of the day Mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa mTAB = Mount TABle MV = MoVe Nano = Nano ' s another editor Nawk = New AWK NL = Number of Lines NM = names Nohup = No Hangup Nroff = New ROFF od = octal Dump passwd = PASSWorD pg = Pager Pico = PIne ' s Message composition Editor Pine = "program for Internet News & E-mail" = "Pine is not ELM" ping = quasi-sound and = Packet InterNet grouper Pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability POPD = POP Directory PR = Pre printf = PRINT Formatted PS = Processes Status Pty = Pseudo TTY pushd = PUSH Directory PWD = Print working Directory rc = runcom = Run command, RC or Plan9 shell Rev = REVerse RM = ReMove RN = Read News Roff = runoff RPM = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager Rsh, rlogin, r = Remote in Rvim RXVT = Our XVT Seamoneky = i sed = Stream EDitor Seq = SEQuence Shar = SHell ARchive SLRN = S-lang RN SSH = Secure SHell SSL = Secure Sockets Layer Stty = Set TTY Su = Substitute User SVN = SubVersioN tar = Tape ARchive tcsh = Tenex C Shell Tee = t (T-shaped water pipe interface) telnet = teminal over Network Termcap = terminal capability Terminfo = Terminal information Tex =τ?χνη abbreviation, Greek art TR = traslate Troff = typesetter New ROFF Tsort = Topological SORT TTY = Teletypewriter TWM = Tom ' s Window Manager TZ = TimeZone Udev = Userspace DEV Ulimit = User ' s LIMIT Umask = User ' s MASK Uniq = UNIQue VI = VIsual = Very Inconvenient VIM = Vi Improved Wall = Write All WC = Word Count Wine = Wine isn't an Emulator Xargs = eXtended ARGuments XDm = X Display Manager XLFD = X Logical Font Description XMMS = X Multimedia System Xrdb = X Resources DataBase XWD = X Window Dump YACC = yet another compiler compiler Fish = the friendly Interactive SHell Su = Switch User MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions ECMA = European Computer Manufacturers Association

Full name of the Linux command