Transferred from: http://www.jianshu.com/p/d9ec00d28237
Heavy and technical preface
In the process of iOS development, more attention to the efficiency of iOS development, familiar with the use of Mac terminal operation of the common commands, you can make a better edge in iOS heavy development. This article focuses on common Mac Terminal Basic instructions and shortcut keys, more suitable for some iOS novice learning and understanding.
File system for Mac OS X
- Mac OS x itself is the UNIX kernel, the use of UNIX multi-user system, the UNIX file system, all files are placed under the root directory
/Users
, there is no concept of the drive letter under Windows, the user logged into the system, the user directory of their own general public, pictures, documents, downloads, music, Movie, site, desktop, library, OS x for Chinese users to do internationalization, open the terminal, enter ls
, you will see the real directory name: Desktop、Documents、Downloads、Library、Movies、Music、Pictures、Public、Sites
. Continue to enter the CD in the terminal/, switch to the root directory, type ls
, so that basically you can see the full picture of the Unix directory.
As shown in the following:
Terminal
Basic commands common to Mac terminals
- List files:
ls 参数 目录名
Example: View driver directory: ls/System/Library/Extensions
, (Parameter-w display Chinese,-l details,-a including hidden files);
- Convert directory:
cd
For example: Convert to drive directory cd /System/Library/Extensions
;
- Create a new directory:
mkdir 目录名
For example, in the driver directory to build a backup, mkdir /System/Library/Extensions/backup
;
A backup directory is built on the desktop mkdir /User/用户名/Desktop/backup
;
- Copy files:
cp 参数 源文件 目标文件
example: Want to copy the desktop Natit.kext to the drive directory, the cp -R /User/用户名/Desktop/Natit.kext /System/Library/Extensions
parameter R means the directory is recursive operation, kext in the graphical interface looks like a file, is actually a folder.
Back up all files in the drive directory to desktop backup
cp -R /System/Library/Extensions/* /User/用户名/Desktop/backup
;
- Delete file:
rm 参数 文件
example: Want to delete the driver's cache rm -rf /System/Library/Extensions.kextcache 、rm -rf /System/Library/Extensions.mkext
, parameter -rf
means recursion and force, execute rm -rf /
your system is paralyzed;
- Move files:
mv 文件
, example: Want to AppleHDA.Kext
move to the desktop mv /System/Library/Extensions/AppleHDA.kext /User/用户名/Desktop
,
Want to AppleHDA.Kext
move to the backup directory mv /System/Library/Extensions/AppleHDA.kext /System/Library/Extensions/backup
;
- Text editing:
nano 文件名
example: Editing natit Info.plist
nano /System/Library/Extensions/Natit.kext/Info.plist
;
- Directory Operations:
command name |
function Description |
Examples of Use |
Mkdir |
Create a Directory |
mkdir dirname |
RmDir |
Delete a directory |
RmDir dirname |
Mvdir |
Move or rename a directory |
Mvdir Dir1 Dir2 |
Cd |
Change the current directory |
CD dirname |
Pwd |
Displays the path name of the current directory |
Pwd |
Ls |
Display the contents of the current directory |
Ls-la |
command name |
function Description |
Examples of Use |
Cat |
Show or connect files |
Cat filename |
Od |
Display the contents of a non-text file |
od-c filename |
Cp |
Copy a file or directory |
CP file1 File2 |
Rm |
Delete a file or directory |
RM filename |
Mv |
Change the file name or directory |
MV File1 File2 |
Find |
Finding files using matching expressions |
Find. -name "*.C"-print |
File |
Show file types |
File filename |
command name |
feature description |
use example |
head |
Display the first few lines of a file |
head-20 filename |
tail |
display the last few lines of the file |
tail- [FileName |
cut |
show files in each row of some domains |
cut-f1,7-d:/etc/passwd |
colrm |
remove several columns from standard input |
colrm 8 file2 |
diff |
Compare and display two files Difference |
diff file1 file2 |
sort |
sort or merge files |
sort-d-f-u file1 |
uniq |
Remove duplicate rows from a file |
uniq file1 file2 |
Comm |
Public and non-public rows that display two ordered files |
comm file1 file2 |
WC |
Statistics file characters, words, and lines |
WC filen Ame |
nl |
Add line number to file |
nl file1 >file2 |
command name |
function Description |
Examples of Use |
Ps |
Show the current status of the process |
PS u |
Kill |
Terminating a process |
Kill-9 30142 |
command name |
function Description |
Examples of Use |
Date |
Displays the current date and time of the system |
Date |
Cal |
Show Calendar |
Cal 4 2016 |
Time |
Execution time of the statistical program |
Time A.out |
- Network and communication operations:
command name |
function Description |
Examples of Use |
Telnet |
Telnet |
Telnet hpc.sp.net.edu.cn |
Rlogin |
Telnet |
Rlogin hostname-l username |
Rsh |
Execute the specified command on the remote host |
RSH f01n03 Date |
Ftp |
Transferring files between a local host and a remote host |
ftp.sp.net.edu.cn |
Rcp |
Copying files between a local host and a remote host |
rcp file1 host1:file2 |
Mail |
Read and send e-mail |
Mail |
Write |
Send a message to another user |
Write username PTS/1 |
Mesg |
Allow or deny receiving of messages |
MESG N |
Ping |
Send a response request to a network host |
Ping hpc.sp.net.edu.cn |
command name |
function Description |
Examples of Use |
History |
List several recently executed commands and numbers |
History |
R |
Repeatedly executes a command that has been recently executed |
R-2 |
Alias |
To define an alias for a command |
Alias Del=rm-i |
Unalias |
To cancel the definition of an alias |
Unalias del |
Rcp |
Copying files between a local host and a remote host |
rcp file1 host1:file2 |
Mail |
Read and send e-mail |
Mail |
Write |
Send a message to another user |
Write username PTS/1 |
Mesg |
Allow or deny receiving of messages |
MESG N |
command name |
feature description |
use example |
uname |
Display information about the operating system |
uname-a |
Clear |
clear screen or window contents |
Clear |
alias |
define aliases for a command |
alias del=rm-i |
unalias | td> to cancel the definition of an alias
unalias del |
who |
Show all currently set environment variables |
who |
whoami |
Displays the user name that is currently in action |
whoami |
TTY |
display the name of the terminal or pseudo-terminal Call |
TTY |
du |
query disk usage |
du-k subdir |
s TTY |
Display or reset the control key definition |
stty-a |
df/tmp |
Show file system total and free space |
- |
w |
Displays the total information for the current system activity |
- |
To display the Asset Library:
Method One:显示
In terminal, enter the following command:
chflags nohidden ~/Library/
;
隐藏
In terminal, enter the following command:
chflags hidden ~/Library/
;
Method Two:Open Finder, select the Go to Option key in the menu to display the library item (repeat the action every time you open it).
Finder shows hidden files
显示隐藏文件
In terminal, enter the following command:
defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles -bool truekillall Finder
;
恢复隐藏文件
In terminal, enter the following command:
defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles -bool falsekillall Finder
.
Xcode Uninstall
In terminal, enter the following command:
sudo /Library/uninstall-devtools –mode=all
For the actual installed directory, Xcode is installed in the/developer directory by default and can be executed
sudo /Developer/Library/uninstall-devtools –mode=all
;
Show full path in Finder title bar
In terminal, enter the following command:
defaults write com.apple.finder _FXShowPosixPathInTitle -bool YESkillall Finder
Remove the shadow from the window screenshot
When you take a screenshot of the window (command-shift-4, space), the resulting picture is automatically added with a circle of shadows around it. If you don't like the effect of this shade, you can turn it off.
In terminal, enter the following command:
defaults write com.apple.screencapture disable-shadow -bool truekillall SystemUIServer
;
Force Safari to open a Web page in a new tab
Safari is the default support for tag browsing. However, when we click on a link on a page or click a link in another app, Safari tends to open a new window that causes too many safari windows on the page and is not well managed. By following this little trick,
We can let safari open the page by default in a new tab.
In terminal, enter the following command:
defaults write com.apple.Safari TargetedClicksCreateTabs -bool true
;
Change the location where screenshots are saved
Mac OS provides a handy screenshot shortcut that allows us to take screenshots of the entire screen, part of the screen, or the application window very quickly. However, this screenshot feature has one disadvantage, that is, you can only save screenshots to the desktop. If we take a lot of pictures, it will make the desktop seem very messy. Is there any way to modify the default location of screenshots? Yes. The method is very simple, as long as you enter the following command in "terminal".
defaults write com.apple.screencapture location 存放位置killall SystemUIServer
;
When you enter a command, replace the "storage location" with a real folder. For example, if you want to store the screenshots folder in your user directory, enter
defaults write com.apple.screencapture location ~/Screenshots
;
Common Shortcuts for Mac
- Command+tab switching applications In any case-forward loop
- Shift+command+tab Switching applications-loop backwards
- Command+delete Move the selected resource to the Trash
- Shift+command+delete emptying the trash for related programs
- Command+ ' Switching between multiple windows of the same application
- Command+f calls out most of the application's query capabilities
- command+c/v/x copy/paste/Cut
- Command+n New application window
- Command+q exit the current application, the top left corner of all the application interface has red and yellow green Three small icons, click on the green extension to the most suitable window size, yellow minimized, red off the current window, but did not exit the program.
- Use COMMAND+Q with Command+tab to close applications most quickly
- Command+l the current program is a browser, you can directly navigate to the address bar
- Command+ "+/-" to enlarge or shrink the font
- control+ Launch key display shutdown dialog box
- Control+space Exhaled Spotlight
- Command+space Switching Input Method
Written in the last
- Each terminal development can not only be limited to the development tool IDE, often some operating system operation will bring unexpected surprises, but also hope that you understand carefully. If you want to understand the common operation of MAC system, recommend this article to everyone, if you want to learn UNIX instructions, you can click.
[Go] Learn the common commands of Mac and help iOS development