History of Java

Java, an object-oriented programming language that can compose Cross-platform applications, was developed in the early 1990 by James Goslin (James Gosling) of Yu Shenyang (Sun Microsystems) company. It was originally named Oak, which aims to address the control and communication problems of household appliances such as televisions, telephones, alarms, toasters, and other small-system programming languages such as household appliances. Sun gave up the plan because the market demand for these smart appliances was not as high as expected. Just when Oak nearly failed, with the development of the Internet, Sun saw the broad application prospect of oak in the computer network, then transformed Oak, in May 1995, the name of "Java" was officially released. With the rapid development of the Internet, Java has gradually become an important network programming language.

The Java programming language style is very close to the C + + language. inherited the C + + language object-oriented technology Core, Java abandoned the C + + language error-prone pointers (to replace the reference), operator overloading (operator overloading), multiple inheritance (interface substitution) and other characteristics, The garbage collector feature is added to reclaim the memory space occupied by objects that are no longer referenced. Java SE 1.5 has introduced generic programming (Generic programming), type-safe enumerations, indefinite parameters, and automatic loading/unboxing of language features.

Java differs from the normal compilation of computer languages and interprets the execution of computer languages. It first compiles the source code into bytecode (bytecode), and then relies on virtual machines on a variety of platforms to interpret the execution bytecode, thus enabling a "compile-and-execute" cross-platform feature. However, this also reduces the operating efficiency of Java programs to some extent. But after the j2se1.4.2 release, Java's execution speed has been greatly improved.

Unlike traditional programs, Sun is an open technology when it launches Java. Tens of thousands of Java development companies around the world are being asked to design Java software that must be compatible with each other. "The Java language relies on the strength of the group, not the power of the company," is one of Sun's slogans and has gained the approval of the vast majority of software developers. This is completely different from what Microsoft advocates as an elite and closed model.

Sun's interpretation of the Java programming language is that the Java programming language is a simple, object-oriented, distributed, interpretive, robust, secure, system-independent, portable, high-performance, multi-threaded, and dynamic language.

The Java platform is a platform based on the Java language. Such platforms are now very popular, so Microsoft has launched a competition. NET platform and imitate the Java C # language.

The early Java

The Java platform and language began as an internal project launched by Sun Microsystems (Microsystems) in December 1990. One of the company's engineers, Patrick Norton, was overwhelmed by the C + + and C-language compilers developed by the Sun, because the APIs were extremely difficult to use. Patrick decided to switch to next, and he also got a chance to study a project called "Stealth Program" by the company.

The "Stealth Plan" was later renamed "Green Plan", and James Goslin and Mack Chelindan joined Patrick's working group. Together with a few other engineers, they worked on a small studio in the California State Monropach City. Research and development of new technologies, aiming at the next generation of smart home appliances (such as microwave ovens) program design, Yang Company anticipates future technology will be in the field of home appliances. The team initially considered using the C + + language, but many members, including the chief scientist of the Bill Choy, found that C + + and the available APIs were problematic in some ways.

The Working Group uses an embedded type platform, and the resources available are extremely limited. Many members found C + + too complex and many developers often mistakenly use it. They found that C + + lacked a garbage collection system, as well as portable security, distributed programming, and multithreaded functionality. Finally, they want a platform that is easy to migrate to a variety of devices.

According to the available funds, Bill Choy decided to develop a new language of C and Mesa languages, and in a report, Joey called it "the future," and he suggested that the company's engineers should develop an object-oriented environment based on C + +. Initially, Gosling tried to modify and extend the functionality of C + +, which he called the new language the C + +--but later he gave up. He was about to create a new language, which he named "Oak" (oak), named after the tree outside his office.

Like many secret projects to develop new technologies, the Working Group worked day and night for 1992 summers, and they were able to demonstrate part of the new platform, including the green operating system, the Oak programming language, the class library, and its hardware. The initial attempt was directed at a PDA-like device, named Star7, which had a vivid graphical interface and an intelligent agent called "Duke" to help the user. December 3, 1992, the equipment was displayed.

In November, the green program was transformed into "Firstperson Limited", a wholly owned subsidiary of the company, and the team was rearranged to Palo Alto. The Firstperson team was interested in building a highly interactive device, and when Time Warner released a request for a TV set-top box (request for Proposal), Firstperson changed their goals as a response to the request for comment, A proposal for a set-top box platform is proposed. But the cable TV industry feels that Firstperson's platform gives users too much control, so Firstperson's bid is lost to SGI. Another deal with 3DO about set-top boxes was unsuccessful, as their platform could not produce any benefits in the television industry, and the company then rebounded to the company.

Java and the Internet

Between June 1994 and July, after a three-day brainstorming discussion, John Guegy, James J. Gosling, Bill Choy, Patrick Norton, Wehn Ross and Eric Scout, the team decided to change their efforts again, and this time they decided to apply the technology to the World Wide Web. They believe that with the advent of mosaic browsers, the Internet is evolving towards the same highly interactive vision that they see in cable networks. As a prototype, Patrick Norton wrote a small web browser, Webrunner, later renamed HotJava.

Java and "Java"

In the same year, Oak renamed Java. Trademark search shows that oak has been registered with a video card manufacturer, and the words "CAFE BABE" (Coffee Baby) are the CA FE BA be.