How Python obtains command-line arguments
This article describes the SYS in Python and the getopt module handles command-line arguments
If you want to pass parameters to the Python script, what is the corresponding argc in Python, argv (command-line arguments for the C language)?
Module Required: SYS
Number of parameters: Len (SYS.ARGV)
脚本名: sys.argv[0]
参数1: sys.argv[1]
参数2: sys.argv[2]
test.py
Import sysprint "script name:", sys.argv[0]for I in range (1, Len (SYS.ARGV)): print "parameter", I, Sys.argv[i]
>>>python test.py Hello World
Script Name: test.py
Parameter 1 Hello
Parameter 2 World
Use command-line options in Python:
For example we need a convert.py script. It works by processing one file and outputting the processed results to another file.
The script is required to meet the following criteria:
1. Use the-I-O option to distinguish whether the parameter is an input file or an output file.
>>> python convert.py-i inputfile-o outputfile
2. If you do not know what parameters convert.py need, print out the help information with-H
>>> python convert.py-h
getopt function Prototype:
Getopt.getopt (args, options[, long_options])
convert.py
Import sys, getoptopts, args = Getopt.getopt (sys.argv[1:], "Hi:o:") input_file= "" Output_file= "" for op, value in opts: if op = = "-I": input_file = value elif op = = "-O": output_file = value elif op = = "-H": usage ()
sys.exit ()
代码解释:
a) sys.argv[1:]为要处理的参数列表,sys.argv[0]为脚本名,所以用sys.argv[1:]过滤掉脚本名。
b) "hi:o:": 当一个选项只是表示开关状态时,即后面不带附加参数时,在分析串中写入选项字符。当选项后面是带一个附加参数时,在分析串中写入选项字符同时后面加一个":"号。所以"hi:o:"就表示"h"是一个开关选项;"i:"和"o:"则表示后面应该带一个参数。
c) 调用getopt函数。函数返回两个列表:opts和args。opts为分析出的格式信息。args为不属于格式信息的剩余的命令行参数。opts是一个两元组的列表。每个元素为:(选项串,附加参数)。如果没有附加参数则为空串‘‘。
getopt函数的第三个参数[, long_options]为可选的长选项参数,上面例子中的都为短选项(如-i -o)
长选项格式举例:
--version
--file=error.txt
让一个脚本同时支持短选项和长选项
getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "hi:o:", ["version", "file="])
How Python obtains command-line arguments