Gnome-shell: the solution is stuck when the application is switched during development. it is the most troublesome to enter anything. In the first place, only the power was restarted, but the cost was too high. Then I found two better methods. method 1: restart lightdm 1: Press ctrl + alt + F1 to enter terminal mode. Log On As the root user. 2: Run:/etc/init. d/lightdm restart 3: Log On again. Method 2: kill gnome-shell 1: Press ctrl + alt + F1 to enter terminal mode. Log On As A root user. 2: Execute: ps-ef | grep gnome-shell, find gnome-shell pid 3: Run kill-9 gnome-shell-pid to kill gnome-shell. Then the system starts gnome-shell. obviously, the first method will cause all the graphic interface programs to be killed, which is not a good solution. the second method is to restart gnome-shell without any impact on other GUI programs, so of course this is recommended.