How to master and improve Linux operation and maintenance skills

The first-and mid-level Linux OPS personnel learn and quickly master Linux's operational combat skills. The Learning route outline is as follows:

• Introductory Basics
• System operation and Maintenance chapter
• Web operation and Maintenance chapter
• Database operation and Maintenance chapter
• Cluster real-Combat chapter
• Operation and Maintenance monitoring chapter

First: Linux Primer (Installation, configuration, Shell command) Basics of Linux Learning and Skills 1.1 Linux in various fields of development and trends 1.1.1 Linux and Open source software (Linux achievements open source) 1.1.2 Linux in the field of server development (market share 95%, 2015 data) 1.1.3 Linux in the desktop field of development 1.1.4 Linux in the Mobile embedded field of development (Android World) 1.1.5 Linux in the cloud/ The development of Big data (exclusively Linux) 1.1.6 Linux operations and future (Linux OPS, the lucrative career) 1.2 Choose the Linux distribution that's right for you (beginner's point, teach you to choose the Linux distribution that the enterprise uses most) 1.2.1 Common Linux distributions 1.2.2 Beginners First Choice--centos Series 1.2.3 Desktop/development platform preferred--ubuntu Linux1.2.4 Enterprise Applications preferred--red Hat/centos Series 1.3 Develop good Linux practices (focus, Experience skills 1.3.1 How to get used to command-line operation 1.3.2 How to do theory combined with practice 1.3.3 How to use Linux online Help 1.3.4 How to learn to think independently, solve problems independently 1.3.5 Linux Learning Roadmap (Linux learning refers to streetlights) 1.4 Using virtual machine virtualbox/vmware to learn Linux (use of common virtual machines) 1.4.1 Virtualbox/vmware Trade-offs 1.4.2 The benefits of using virtual machine technology 1.4.3 VirtualBoxOperating environment and hardware requirements 1.4.4 Virtualbox/vmware installation and use  1.5 Linux Learning Resources (learning to learn self) 1, network resources, search engine, forum 2, learning ideas is very important 3, master learning methods   Second, Install Linux in multiple ways  2.1 install Linux 2.2 several ways to install Linux (teach you a variety of Linux installation methods) 2.2.1   Hard Drive installation method 2.2.2  u disk installation Method (preferred) 2.2.3   Network installation Method (for large-scale installation) 2.2.4 Optical Drive installation method (for beginners)  2.3 CD-ROM installation Linux experience sharing (dry) 2.3.1 Linux partition naming scheme 2.3.2 install Linux process explaining (Focus, Includes installation experience and various techniques)  2.4 u disk installation process (U disk System production method)   Linux system basic structure  3.1 the use of multiple consoles in Linux (multi-user multi-console)  3.2 Linux system and hardware (teach you how to identify the hardware under Linux and use hardware) 3.2.1 Linux hardware resource management 3.2.2 Linux external devices use  3.3 file system architecture (Linux tree file structure) 3.3.1 Directory structure 3.3.2 System core composition  3.4 operating mechanism introduction (key content, will describe the difference between old and new Linux) 3.4.1 Linux init init system 3.4.2 RunLevel to target change 3.4.3 system shutdown process  3.5 System Services management tool SYSTEMD (emphasis, added after rhel/centos7.x version) 3.5.1 Systemd start, stop, restart service method 3.5.2 View, disable, enable service method Systemd by 3.5.3 SYSTEMD command and sysvinit command compare  3.6 Linux with Securecrt/xshell/putty (most commonly used client connection tool under Linux) 3.6.1 SECURECRT Overview 3.6.2 SECURECR installation and use of 3.6.3 and SECURECRT related Linux commands   Linux common commands and Usage tips  4.1 syntax analysis of SHELL commands (must learn, shell syntax explaining) 4.1.1 What is shell4.1.2 shell wildcard, redirect, pipe, Reference Application Tip 4.1.3 shell application explaining and usage tips (pass, compare, String, loop, arithmetic)  4.2 system Management and Maintenance commands (Linux OPS commands, not boring commands, emphasis on imparting usage skills) 4.2.1 A command that displays the contents of a directory ls4.2.2 commands that display the current working directory pwd4.2.3 change the current working Directory Almighty command cd4.2.4 display or modify the system time and date commands date4.2.5 set/lock/unlock user commands passwd4.2.6 Change the identity of the command Su/sudo (User Rights Management) 4.2.7 displays the help information for the specified command man4.2.8 the command that displays the user who is currently logged on to the system who/w4.2.9 the command that displays information about the operating system uname4.2.10 command to output system task queue Information uptime4.2.11 lists the commands that are currently associated with users who have logged in to the system in the past last4.2.12 the command DMESG to display the information about the boot information system failure (it is important to troubleshoot the issue) 4.2.13 The command that displays the system memory status free4.2.14 displays the system process instantaneously running the dynamic command PS (most commonly used) 4.2.15 real-time Monitoring System processor status commands top 4.3 file management and editing commands (emphasis, Linux operations must learn commands) 4.3.1 Create Directory command mkdir (batch create directory) 4.3.2 dynamically display the file Contents command tail (very important, often used to view the log) 4.3.3 Show file Contents command cat/more4.3.4 Compare the differences in the File command diff (frequently used on-line operations) 4.3.5 command to filter text grep (important, often used) 4.3.6 delete a directory and all of its files and subdirectories command RM (CAUTION) 4.3.7 the command to change the access time and modification time of the specified file touch4.3.8 create a linked command between the file or directory ln (how to identify the soft/ Hard link) 4.3.9 show file type command file/stat4.3.10 copy a file or directory command CP (direct copy without prompt overlay method, online operations CP usage tip) 4.3.11 the command to find the specified file under the specified path find4.3.12 file/ Directory renaming or changing the location of the command Mv/rename (batch rename)  4.4 compression and Decompression command (emphasis, Linux OPS command) 4.4.1 Compress/Unzip the file or directory command zip/unzip4.4.2 compress/unzip the file command gzip /gunzip4.4.3 Compress/Unzip the file command bzip2/bunzip24.4.4 willFile or directory Packaging archive commands Tar(Compression/decompression/separate decompression, Key points in the focus4.4.5 commands to convert or copy files dd4.4.6 Redirect to package backup, restore the Restore files command cpio 4.5 Disk ManagementWith maintenance commands (emphasis, Linux OPS command) 4.5.1 Check the disk space usage command df4.5.2 display the file or directory that occupies the disk space command du4.5.3 check the file system and try to fix the wrong command fsck (disk repair command) 4.5.4 Commands that force the memory to be written back to the hard disk sync4.5.6 mount/unload the specified file system commands Mount/umount (Operations must learn command)  4.6 Network setup and Maintenance commands (emphasis, Linux operations must learn commands) 4.6.1 command to configure the network or display the current network interface status Ifconfig (must) 4.6.2 file remote copy/transfer command scp[speed limit transfer/background transfer] (FOCUS) 4.6.3 System connection Status, service status command netstat (System Operations Essentials command) 4.6.4 Network Status Trace command traceroute (Network Troubleshooting Prerequisite command) 4.6.5 Probe Service status command telnet (to determine service run status prerequisites) 4.6.6 command to download software from the network wget (breakpoint continuation/bulk Download)  4.7 The use of text editing tools VI (emphasis, Linux operations must learn commands)   Second: Linux system operation (software installation, network management, troubleshooting) Chapter   Five, Linux software installation and management  5.1 Source installation method (Linux software recommended installation method) 5.1.1 Download extract source (tar command) 5.1.2 Analysis installation Platform Environment 5.1.3 Compile install software (make/make install) 5.1.4 Source installation Apache Http Server (case demonstration)  5.2 RPM Tool installation method (proficiency in use of RPM tools) 5.2.1 RPM Package management tool describes 5.2.2 RPM package types and commands 5.2.3 rpm tool use  5.3 Yum installation mode (fastest installation, key Mastery) 5.3.1 Yum installation and configuration 5.3.2 Yum features and basic usage 5.3.3 several nice yum source  5.4 binary Package installation methods (the simplest software installation method under Linux) 5.4.1 Install "* . tar.gz "," *.bz2 "binary package 5.4.2 provides installer packages   Six, Linux server network management  6.1 NIC and driver related issues (hardware basic operations, proficiency) 6.1.1 The general idea of network card driver installation 6.1.2 actual combat compile and install NIC 6.1.3 Dell server NIC driver bug (most common network failure, the driver upgrade process is detailed)  6.2 Configure the Linux network (emphasis, the network knowledge that must be mastered) 6.2.1 the network configuration file of different Linux distributions 6.2.2 the network configuration file  6.3 Linux Network Applications (flexible control of various network applications under Linux) 6.3.1 Linux IP alias function 6.3.2 turn on the Linux proxy forwarding function 6.3.3 routing concept and configuration 6.3.4 Linux Router erection   The third article: Web Operations (Apache/tomcat/nginx)   VII, Linux common server  7.1 use OPENSSH remote Management Linux server (Master SSH configuration) 1, how to improve the SSH connection Speed 2, How to connect remotely via SSH now user (allow User/allow Group)  7.2 Apache+tomcat Server (Focus, Apache+tomcat is the focus of enterprise application, must be mastered) 7.2.1 Various installation methods of Apache and their merits 7.2.2 httpd.conf file explaining and experience summary 7.2.2 the need for Apache and Tomcat integration 7.2.2 Apache and Tomcat connectors 7.2.3 Apache and Tomcat and JK module installation 7.2.4 Apache and tomcat integrated configuration  7.3 Lamp Server Building (Web operation and maintenance base, need to focus on) 7.3.1 lamp and WordPress Overview 7.3.2 Lamp service environment Construction skills and troubleshooting experience (dry) 7.3.3 test Lamp environment Installation Correctness    Eight, Enterprise Web server Nginx application actual combat  8.1 High Performance Web server Nginx (Web application key technology, Enterprise must be used, students must learn) 8.1.1   High-performance Web server Nginx Introduction (Nginx use direction and advantages) 1, the composition and working principle of Nginx 2, nginx performance advantages   8.1.2Nginx Installation (Master Nginx installation) 1, installation Nginx dependent library 2, rapid installation nginx 8.1.3 nginx.conf file Use Interpretation (Nginx technology Core, key) 1, nginx configuration file Structure 2, Nginx configuration file in detail 3, location instance configuration and use skills (the actual use of the place often made mistakes, here is the experience summary) 3, Nginx service Daily maintenance Skills 4, nginx problem fixedBit and experience summary  8.1.4nginx common function Introduction (the most common Nginx technology point in enterprise application, must learn, pure dry goods) 1, Nginx reverse Proxy application Example 2, nginx URL Rewrite application Example 3, nginx How to load multicore CPU4, Nginx restricted domain Access/IP access Method 5, the use of Nginx Express expression  8.1.5 case: Nginx as Load Balancer Server application (Nginx load Balancing function, must learn technology) 1, Nginx load Balancing algorithm 2, Nginx Load Balancer Configuration Example   Fourth: Database (MySQL) operations   Nine, build high-performance MySQL database system  9.1 mysql and mariadb (MySQL database change process) 1, MySQL various versions of the selection (experience speaking) 2, the installation and use of MySQL (Enterprise general usage) 3, xtrabackup to MySQL practical application (mysqldump/xtrabackup) 4, MySQL optimization my.cnf configuration dry Share  9.2 Common high-availability MySQL solution (Introduction Enterprise Common MySQL solution, technical dry) 9.2.1 Master-slave replication solution 9.2.2 mmm high-availability solution 9.2.3 Heartbeat/san High-availability solution 9.2.4 HEARTBEAT/DRBD High-availability solution 9.2.5 MySQL cluster high-availability solution  9.3 high-availability cluster system with keepalived to build MySQL dual Master mode (Enterprise most common MySQL technology application) 9.3.1 MySQL Replication introduction (master-slave replication principle) 9.3.2 MySQL replication implementation principle 9.3.3 MySQL replication common architecture 9.3.4 MySQL Master Master Interop mode architecture diagram 9.3.5 MySQL Master Master Interop mode configuration 9.3.6 configuration keepalived realize MySQL dual master high Availability (pure technical dry, enterprise salary must) 9.3.7 test MySQL master-slave synchronization function 9.3.8 test keepalived implement MySQL failover 9.3.9 MySQL master-slave replication common failure Summary and analysis (Dry goods summary)  9.4 MySQL real-combat tuning experience (first-line tuning technology Experience) 9.4.1 system tuning experience for MySQL (cpu/disk/file system) 9.4.2 Kernel tuning experience and tricks (memory parameters) 9.4. Multiple versions of the 3-line MySQL environment (various MySQL branch editions 9.4.4 mysql key parameter tuning recommendations (storage engine/buffer/slow query) 9.4.5 MySQL master-slave architecture common failures and handling   Fifth: Cluster architecture (LVS/KEEPALIVED/HAPROXY) real-Combat chapter   10, lvs+keepalived Enterprise Application  10.1 cluster is how to define the characteristics and functions of 10.2 clusters (cluster technology to realize the function, basic knowledge necessary) 10.3 Cluster classification (logical classification of clusters, basic knowledge of cluster) 10.4 Related terms in HA clusters 10.5Keepalived introduction 10.6Keepalived Installation and configuration (examples of keepalived installation and configuration, pure Dry goods) 10.7Keepalived Basic Function Application Example (keepalived practical application skills, experience summary) 10.8 What  lvs can do (LVS structure, principle is important, must master) 10.9  lvs architecture 10.10  lvs Clustering Features 10.11   Installation and use of LVS (rapid installation of LVs method) 10.12 build LVs high availability cluster via Piranha (LVS Web Management Configuration tool, recommended) 10.13   build LVS high availability cluster system through keepalived (most common in enterprise/ The most practical LVS cluster architecture, must be mastered) 10.14 test high-availability LVS load Balancing cluster system (practical case, test LVs high-function)   11, high-performance load Balancing cluster haproxy actual combat  1, four-layer and seven-layer load balancing differences 2, Similarities and differences between Haproxy and LVs 3, quick installation haproxy cluster Software 4, haproxy basic configuration file 5, haproxy configuration file 6, Haproxy solve cluster session sharing problem 7, start and test haproxy load balancing function 8, HAproxy Load balancer algorithm and usage tips 9, intelligent load Balancing via HAproxy ACL rules 10, web monitoring platform using HAproxy 11, haproxy+keepalived High-availability load balancing system    Sixth: operation and maintenance Monitoring (Nagios/ganglia/centreon/zabbix) actual combat   12, ganglia distributed operation and maintenance monitoring platform combat  12.1 Ganglia introduction       Group of  12.2 GangliaHow       12.3 ganglia works       12.3.1 ganglia data flow analysis       12 .3.2 Ganglia Working mode  12.4 ganglia installation       12.4.1 Yum source installation       12.4.2 source mode &nb sp;    12.5 Configuring a Ganglia distributed monitoring system 12.5.1 Ganglia profile introduction       12.5.2 ganglia monitoring system architecture diagram       12.5.3 Ganglia monitoring management side configuration       12.5.4 ganglia client configuration        12.5.5 Ganglia web-side configuration       12.6 ganglia monitoring system management and maintenance      12.6 Ganglia monitoring extension Implementation mechanism       12.6.1 extending ganglia monitoring capabilities       12.6.2 Extend ganglia monitoring       12.6.3 through the Gmetric interface ganglia monitoring        with Python plugins 12.6.4 Combat: Use the Python interface to monitor Nginx operation status       12.7 ganglia in practical applications       12.7.1 Network IO may be bottleneck       12.7.2 CPU may have bottlenecks       12.7.3GMETADRRD data writes may be bottlenecks &Nbsp;  13, Zabbix monitoring platform Application combat  1, Zabbix architecture and application ideas 2, installation lamp environment 3, source installation Zabbix server side 4, RPM package rapid installation zabbix_agent5, through Zabbix_ Get test Zabbix monitoring 6, Zabbix configuration file detailed 7:zabbix user-defined monitoring parameters users Parameters8, Zabbix agentd active mode and passive mode monitoring 9, Zabbix installation common error 10, Actual case: Through Zabbix monitoring nginx  video Access address: http://edu.51cto.com/pack/view/id-805.html reproduced in http://ixdba.blog.51cto.com/2895551/1865310

How to master and improve Linux operations skills