Install Debian 7.0 Wheezy on a USB flash drive

The model of the test machine installed in this tutorial: acer ASPIRE 4730ZG (somewhat old), Intel Pentium dual-core T4200, and display: ATI Mobility Radeon HD 3470. The installation on other machines is similar, because debian7.0 has a wide range of compatibility with machine models. You do not need to know much about the machine during installation. One of the most important problems is the graphics card driver. debian7.0 has two options: the vendor's closed-source driver (requires manual download and installation) or the open-source driver provided by debian (requires no additional installation ). In general, the specific choice depends on the video card brand. My video card is AMD, so the driver of the installation manufacturer. In the last sentence, do not imagine that the first installation will produce a linux system that will satisfy you. The first successful installation of linux is just a starting point.

Debian 7.0 Wheezy test experience

Debian 7.0 Wheezy released!

1. Download Wheezy netinst from the debian homepage.

2.download the boot.img.gz file. Click here to view the address.

3. Prepare to install the USB flash drive. In this step, a U disk operating system that can be started for system installation will be created. After creating a USB flash drive, restart the machine and start it from the USB flash drive. Go to the installation page. You can select a graph or text. Personally, the text is faster.

4. Installation

1) Go to Advanced options-> Expert install-> Execute a shell, run:

# Nano/bin/check-missing-firmwareAdd "exit 0" below the line "#! /Bin/sh ". this is to prevent the hanging-on by error "Detecting the network hardware ". this step was originally used for the installation of the test version. Now, the version of wheezy has been released, so it is no longer needed. Go directly to step 2.

2) Partition:

/Boot 100 M/25G (I think 25G is definitely enough)/var 4 Gswap 2G/home space remaining

After the partition is complete, only system-base is installed. Do not install any other software. As for the desktop environment, install it again. Install non-free sources.

3) After the basic installation, before finish the installation, execute a shell, run:

# mount -t ext4 /dev/sda2 /mnt        //Note: sda2 is the partition of the /.# cd /mnt/etc/modprobe.d/ && nano ./radeon-kms.confType the following line into the file:options radeon modeset=0（##This must not be changed if the machine uses AMD display card. Refer to http://openwares.net/linux/reset_amd_kms.html）

Save. Complete the installation, remove the USB flash drive, and restart. At this point, the installation of a basic system is complete.

4) log on and run the following command line:

$ Sudo aptitude install lxde firmware-realtek // Note: Install the desktop environment LXDE. LXDE and xfce4 are both old machines. Gorgeous options include gnome3 and KDE. $ Sudo groupadd-f powerdev $ sudo adduser USERNAME powerdevReboot and log into the LXDE environment.

5. Locales

$sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales   //Note: command for check: locale -aSelect:en_US.UTF-8         //Note: used as defaulten_US.iso88591zh_CN.gb2312zh_CN.gbkzh_CN.utf8zh_TW.big5zh_TW.utf8

6. Install softwares.

Downloaded Bleachbit and Libreoffice from webs and install them.$ sudo apt-get install inkscape gnome-screenshot fcitx fcitx-pinyin vlc

7. Install xfce4-power-manager to control AC/batery

$ sudo apt-get -y purge xscreensaver xscreensaver-data$ sudo apt-get install xfce4-power-manager

8. Install AMD driver (vendor closed-source driver ).

Prepare for installation environment:$ sudo apt-get install module-assistant build-essential$ sudo apt-get install fakeroot dh-make debconf libstdc++5 linux-headers-$(uname -r) firmware-realtekDownload the AMD driver (http://support.amd.com/us/gpudownload/Pages/index.aspx) and run:$ sudo sh ./amd-driver-installer-*.run --install   //Note: use option --help can check other commands.

9. su

$ sudo su    //Note: once logged in, run:# passwd     //Note: enter a new root password and from there on out you can log in via su.

10. Sound

$ sudo apt-get install alsa-utilsUse command "$ lspci -v" to check whether a proper driver for sound card is working. If so, run:＃alsactl＃alsactl init

11. Internet

$ Sudo apt-get install wicd-gtk // small and powerful network management. $ Sudo apt-get install firmware-ralink // Note: non-free firmware of the wireless net driver rt2800pci, can be ckecked by command: $ lspci-vFor successfully installing the non-free firmware, it shoshould be sure that "non-free" in the/etc/apt/sources. list is uncommented (without # sign ).

12. Set fcitx

$ cp /usr/share/applications/fcitx.desktop ~/.config/autostart/fcitx.desktop  //Note: Set fcitx autostarted as login.$ nano ~/.xprofileThen add three lines to set the environment variables:export GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitxexport QT_IM_MODULE=fcitxexport XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx$ sudo apt-get remove fcitx-config-common  //Note: To remove the gtk configure packages. The word configure files are stored in ~/.config/fcitx.

13. Remove translations in apt-get update

Note: if no translation is needed, then run as following.$ sudo nano /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99translationsAdd one line:Acquire::Languages "none";save.$ cd /var/lib/apt/lists && sudo rm -f *Translation*  //Note: Remove already indexed translations.

14. Skype was found not responsive when started, downloaded the dynamic package of skype (4.0.0.8) and executed in the termnal. According to the error messages:

"./skype: error while loading shared libraries: libXss.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory""./skype: error while loading shared libraries: libQtNetwork.so.4: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory"Looked for the two libraries (libXss.so.1, libQtNetwork.so.4) in Debian's web, then run:$ sudo apt-get install libxss1 libqt4-networkEvething then worked fine.

Postscript:

This installation is implemented only after many problems are solved. Not as smooth as installing Fedora17 a week ago, Debian installation never seems so smooth and fast. Many other linux distributions claim one-click installation. Indeed, convenient and quick installation and out-of-the-box installation are required by most users for a good operating system! However, from the above perspective, it is not easy to obtain a debian system with basic functions, which is difficult for people who do not know debian. Even so, I am very fond of debian, mainly because of its mature software package management system, strong customization, and its internationalization and community. "Apt-get" is the first linux Command I came into contact with. It is also the best package management command I think in various independent releases. Without this management system, I can't imagine it, how is it troublesome to compile everything from scratch. I wanted to install a Chinese-made linux release version that supports domestic production and read several articles, such as the StartOS of Yulin Mufeng and the in-depth LinuxDeepin, both of which seem good, however, there is a lack of customization. does what they call "designed for Chinese people" mean that some common software is tied together, even including the desktop environment, there is no such choice? It's no wonder that from the very beginning we have been spoiled by the "repackaged Windows System" so that we have similar requirements for any operating system. In fact, I think that since it is an open-source and free operating system, it is impossible to consider the demand of its potential users for free customization. On the one hand, customization is not negligible. In addition to providing a full-featured installation image, we may also provide a basic operating system core with its own characteristics to users who like to customize and combine them freely, just like debian.