Installation of Linux software package (1) _ MySQL

Linux software package. common formats include rpm, deb, tar, gz, tgz, zip, and bz2. Almost every linux software provides a tar-format software package, because any version of the software package in this format is supported by linux, so you should at least understand how to use tar and rpm. Deb can be converted to tgz or rpm using the alien tool. Bz2 can be decompressed with bunzip2 for Linux software packages. common formats include rpm, deb, tar, gz, tgz, zip, and bz2. Almost every linux software provides a tar-format software package, because any version of the software package in this format is supported by linux, so you should at least understand how to use tar and rpm. Deb can be converted to tgz or rpm using the alien tool. Bz2 can be unwrapped with bunzip2.

I. installation of RPM files
RPM is the abbreviation of RedHat Package Manager (RedHat Package management tool.
The RPM file is the easiest to install in Linux. Take the famous image processing software XV as an example:
In Terminal, the basic installation commands are as follows:
Rpm-I xv-3.10a-13.i386.rpm
If your network connection speed is fast enough, you can install the application software directly from the network. you only need to add the appropriate URL path before the file name of the software:
Rpm-I ftp://ftp.xxx.com/xx/xx.i386.rpm
As a software package management tool, RPM manages information about all RPM program components installed in the system. You can also use RPM to uninstall related applications.
Rpm-e xv
Common RPM parameters include:
-VL: displays the installation progress;
-U: upgrade the software package;
-Qpl: lists the file information in the RPM software package;
-Qpi: describe the RPM software package;
-Qf: Find the RPM software package of the specified file;
-Va: checks all RPM software packages to find the lost files;
For more detailed parameters and usage, see The RPM help documentation.
In X-Window, the graphical installation and management methods of RPM files are more friendly to users. After installing the kpackage on kde, you only need to click the mouse to install the rpm, which is more convenient than windows 98. However, you must first install kde.
Let me introduce more common methods, take XV software as an example, find the xv-3.10a-13.i386.rpm file in the file manager of Linux, right-click it with the mouse, in the pop-up menu, you can find three commands for the RPM software package: Show Info, Upgrade, and Install.
After selecting Show Info, we will see the package information window. The window is divided into three parts. The top displays the software name, size, creation and installation date, developer website, and other information. the box in the middle is an overview of the software; the following shows all the files in the software package and their path information. it tells you which directories of the files in the software package will be installed in the system,
Note that the benefit of this information is that you can easily find the path to the startup program.
Click the "Install" or "Upgrade" button at the bottom to Install or Upgrade the software. a prompt window indicating the installation progress is displayed.
The RPM software package has many advantages over other types of software packages, but it does not mean that the installation of the RPM software is smooth sailing. Common errors include the attempt to install a software that has already been installed, the software to be installed must be supported by other software or system library files (such related software or system library files should be installed first), etc, similar to Windows.

II. installation of tar
Files such as tar.gz, tar. Z, tgz, and bz2 must be decompressed to tar and then installed with tar. Examples of commands for decompression and unpacking are as follows:
1. xx.tar.gz: tar zxf xx.tar.gz
2. xx.tar. Z: tar zxf xx.tar. Z
3. solution xx. tgz: tar zxf xx. tgz
4. xx.bz2: bunzip2 xx.bz2
5. xx.tar: tar xf xx.tar
A bunch of files obtained after unpacking are usually stored in a directory. Depending on the author of the software, some will be compiled programs, and more is the source code that needs to be compiled by yourself. After entering the corresponding directory, run the "ls-F-color" command to display the executable program in bright green with the "*" mark. for compiled programs, directly type the command line with a path to run the program.
We recommend that you read the instruction file after decompression. you should first read important documents such as Readme and Install in the Software Directory using the vi and other document editors, here you will find detailed software compilation steps and precautions to understand the installation requirements and the need to modify the compilation configuration when necessary.
The source code of some software packages can be uninstalled by using the make install command after compilation and installation. if this function is not provided, the software must be manually deleted. Because the software may install files in multiple directories of the system, it is often difficult to delete the files, you should configure them before compilation, specify the path to which the software will be installed :. /configure -- prefix = directory name. in this way, you can run the "rm-rf software directory name" command to thoroughly uninstall the directory. Compared with other installation methods, it is the most difficult to compile and install by yourself. it is suitable for users who already have some experience in Linux. it is generally not recommended for beginners.

The general compilation steps are as follows:
./Configure
Make
Make install (the command can be executed only when the root identity is obtained)

Uninstall available: make uninstall or manually delete

After compilation, you can easily find executable programs in the current directory or a subdirectory named src. So far, software installation has come to an end.