Installing Linux virtual machines with VMware

Features of VMware:

1. You can use more than two operating systems on the same PC without partitioning or rebooting

2. The native system can communicate with the virtual machine system network

3. Can set and modify the hardware environment of the virtual machine operating system at any time

VMware can modify the hardware environment at any time with multiple system and physical machine functions, but the memory is up to half the physical machine.

Official website www.vmware.com

The new version mainly face Enterprise Update, occupy more resources, 7.0 can not be used on WIN7.

You can use the snapshot to save the current state of the virtual machine operating system, unlike the physical machine needs to be re-installed, conducive to learning, convenient.

Recommended configuration

CPU 1GHz memory more than 1GB hard disk partition free 8G above, install Linux needs 2G memory.

It is not recommended to install to the C drive, the first C drive data will be bigger and larger when the second reload many software does not need to reload

Do not join the experience plan, suspect stealing data

Installation speed depends on PC performance

2-3G space is required after loading.

Select boot start, a lot of features to use.

Uninstalling VMware

Vm_install_clear thoroughly cleans up junk files that are formed by uninstalling virtual machines, including cleaning up the registry,

Do not directly in the file directly remove the location of VMware Direct installation, because there are a large number of junk files, the next time you install VMware will think you have installed, but at this time Vmwate has lost functionality.

Using the Control Panel to delete is also not a very good solution

Network selection:

Bridging direct virtual machines and real-world communication

NAT with Vmware8 network card and real machine communication can be online

NAT and host can only communicate with native communication that cannot communicate with other machines in the network segment

NAT, host-only use virtual network card VMnet8, VMNET1, can only communicate with the real machine, not with other network devices of LAN.

Bridging: Virtual machines and real-world communication utilize real local network cards. Configure simple, direct communication, but virtual machines occupy an IP of real-world segment

Centos:http://wiki.centos.org/download or http://www.centoscn.com/CentosSoft/

To start the installation:

Writing to the file system divides the entire partition into equal-sized chunks of data, creating a File information table (I node, permissions, modification time) in the partition list. The data must be purged before writing to the file system, which was previously thought to be simply emptying the data, emptying only the one thing that is required to format the file system for writing.
MBR partitions up to four primary partitions
If the use of GPT is not restricted file system: EXT4 and NTFS are the most advanced file management system;

4KB splits the entire hard disk space, formatting is to construct the file system, 4KB is called block!

In storage: Each storage area has its own ID number, access rights, and date modification time.

1. The primary partition + extended partition can have up to 4

2, the basic purpose of the format is to write to the file system (Fat16/fat32/ntfs ... ）

For Linux, formatting is actually dividing the entire partition into chunks of equal size, and a two-dimensional table in the partition list that records the ID number of each file (I-node/inode), the modification time, the permissions

Windows file System format FAT16 (max HDD 2GB) FAT32 max HDD 16T max file 4GB

NTFS Unlimited

Linux File System format EXT4

Windows A, b as a soft partition of the drive letter, c as the first primary partition of the letter, so the maximum can be divided into 23 sub-partitions.

formatting purposes: 1. Divide the entire partition into equal-sized chunks, the default minimum storage unit size is 4KB. 2. Partition list: Has the I node (ID number), modify the time, permissions, save the location. Take the clothes out before you can hit the spacer, so format to erase the data.

1. Disk Partitioning: Use the partition editor (partition editor) to divide several logical storage spaces on the disk. Once a disk is partitioned into several partitions (Partition), non-homogeneous directories and files can be stored in different partitions.

2. Advantages of partitioning: Improve file search and read and write efficiency.

3. Partition type (all systems are applicable):

Primary partition: Up to 4, determined by the structure of the hard disk (the hard disk is divided into sectors of equal size, 512 bytes per sector, where 446 bytes are used to record the boot information, the remaining 64 bytes are partitioned, and 64 bytes per 16 bytes represent a partition, so up to 4 partitions can be represented. Therefore, if the hard disk structure is not changed, the primary partition can only be divided into 4. Each primary partition has its own independent boot block, which can be set to ScanDisk with Fdisk.

Extended partition: You can use a primary partition as an extended partition, that is, three primary partitions, an extended partition, a total of 4 partitions; an extended partition can have only one partition; an extended partition cannot write data and can only be used as containing logical partitions. Differentiating between extended and logical partitions is the most important way to break the primary partition by only 4.

Logical partitioning: There can be multiple, no independent boot blocks, and cannot be set to ScanDisk with Fdisk.

Supplemental: MBR and GPT

4. Format: Also known as logical format, it refers to the user-selected file system (Eg:fat16 (maximum support 2GB partition), FAT32 (single file size can not exceed 4GB, maximum support 16TB partition), NTFS,EXT2,EXT3, EXT4 (centos6 Default file system), write specific data in a specific area of the disk, draw a piece of disk space in the partition for file allocation tables, directory tables, etc. for file management.

Myth parsing: The purpose of formatting is not to erase the data, its fundamental purpose is to write to the file system, but in the format of the operation will first empty the original data.

Formatting purposes: Find read-write data faster.

To format a specific action:

Dividing the entire partition into chunks of equal size (block), each block defaults to 4KB, storing the smallest file, you can manually select 1KB, 2KB, or 4KB. Assuming that the 10KB file is stored, 3 blocks are used, and three blocks are not necessarily contiguous, and the last block of data cannot be stored in any other file, even if it is not full.

Create a two-dimensional table in the partition list, which records the file ID number (that is, the file is placed in those databases, called the I node), the file modification time, the file access rights. Access this two-dimensional table for permission matching first when manipulating files.

1. Different disk partitioning processes for Windows and Linux

Windows: Partition--format--and assign drive letter

Linux: Partition---format--Give each partition "device filename"--Assign mount point

2. Device file name: All files in Linux, including hardware, users, etc. The hardware file name is called "Hardware Device file name", Hardware device file name as the standard name of hardware, is automatically detected and assigned by Linux. The hardware device files are located in the directory under the root directory ("/" for the root directory, the top level directory) under the Dev folder (dedicated to the hardware device files), i.e. under the "/dev" folder.

Partition's device file name assignment rules:

HD stands for IDE interface, SD represents SCSI interface or SATA interface;

A represents the first hard disk, if there is more than one hard disk B for the second hard disk, C for the third hard disk, and so on;

1 represents the first partition on a hard disk, 2 represents the second partition of the hard disk, 3 represents the third partition of the hard disk, and so on, where 1234 numbers can only represent the primary or extended partition, the logical partition number is assigned from 5, the maximum partition number 16

/DEV/SDA1 First Partition of the first SATA interface hard disk

IDE interface, old hard drive interface, slow transmission speed, theoretical speed 133mb/s

SCSI interface, old server hard drive interface, theoretical speed 200mb/s

Sata Interface (window hard disk), the current use of the hard disk interface, divided into three generations, SATA3 theoretical speed of 500mb/s

3. Mount point: Refer to the concept of drive letter in Windows to understand. Windows uses a letter identifier to specify files and directories on this partition, while Linux uses directories as mount points (drive letters)

The vast majority of directories can be used as mount points (except for directories that must be placed in the same partition as the root directory, otherwise the system will not start) including the directories you create manually.

Must be partitioned:

Root partition/(mount point root directory, the root directory to save all other data, the root directory if there is no hard disk space, the root of a lot of data will be no place to store)

Swap partition (swap partition, can be understood as virtual memory, when the real memory is low, you can use the disk space in the swap partition as memory, if the memory is less than or equal to 4GB, the recommended swap allocated memory twice times, if the memory is greater than 4GB, the proposed swap space and memory equal, do not need mount point)

Recommended partitions:

boot partition, recommended 200MB (mount point/boot directory,/boot storage for system boot related data, if not separate partition, will be stored in the same storage space with the root partition, if the root partition is full will cause the system to fail to boot)

Installing Linux virtual machines with VMware