Learning linux-Basic Six (Common command: CP,MV,RM)

I. CP for file copy, divided into Tan Yuanwen replication and multi-source replication

Single source copy syntax: CP [Options] ... [-t] source dest.

Precautions:
1 if Dest does not exist, the file is created in advance and the data stream from the source file is copied to dest.

2 If the dest is a non-directory file, the destination file is overwritten.

3 If Dest is a directory file, create a file with the same name as the source file in the Dest directory and copy the source file data stream.

Cp/tmp/ou/111.txt files to the/ETC/HH directory

[[email protected] testdir]# mkdir/tmp/ou[[email protected] testdir]# cd/tmp/ou[[email protected] ou]# Ls[[email Protect Ed] ou]# touch Xixi hehe haha 111.txt[[email protected] ou]# ls111.txt  haha  hehe xixi[[email protected  ] ou]# m Kdir/etc/hh[[email protected] ou]# cp/tmp/ou/111.txt/etc/hh/[[email protected] ou]# ls/etc/hh/111.txt

　　

Example 2: If the dest is a non-directory file, the destination file is overwritten.

[Email protected] ou]# cat/tmp/ou/111.txt Hello World!!!!! I am Study computer[[email protected] ou]# cat/etc/hh/222.txt ni hao ma zcgmy love girl[[email protected] ou]# cp-i/tmp /ou/111.txt/etc/hhal/         hosts        hp/          hh/          hosts.allow  htdig/       host.conf    hosts.deny   httpd/       

Example 3: If Dest does not exist, the file is created in advance and the data flow from the source file is copied to dest.

[Email protected] ou]# ls/etc/hh/111.txt  222.txt[[email protected] ou]# Cp/tmp/ou/111.txt/etc/hh/300[[email Protected] ou]# ls/etc/hh/111.txt  222.txt  300

　　

Multi-source Replication syntax:
CP [OPTION] ... SOURCE ... DIRECTORY

CP [OPTION] ...-t DIRECTORY SOURCE ...

Precautions:
1 displays an error if directory is a regular file.

2 if directory is a directory file, copy each file to the destination directory separately and keep the original.

CP 123,123.txt to/etc/aa/bbb.txt file, the error is displayed.

[Email protected] ou]# cat/etc/aaa/bbb.txt catcatcat!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 1!!!!!!! 2!!!!! 3[[email protected] ou]# ls/tmp/ou/111.txt  123  123.txt  haha  hehe  xixi[[email protected] ou]# CP- R/tmp/ou/{123,123.txt}/etc/aaa/bbb.txt cp:target '/etc/aaa/bbb.txt ' is not a directory

　　

CP 123,123.txt to the/ETC/HH directory, copy the file to the directory and keep the original.

[[email protected] ou]# cp-r/tmp/ou/{123,123.txt}/etc/hh[[email protected] ou]# ls/etc/hh111.txt  123  123.txt  222.txt  300

　　

CP Command Common Command options:

-I: Interactive replication, that is, before overwriting to remind the user to confirm.

-F: Forces the overwrite of the target file.

-R: Recursively replicate the contents and directories in the directory.

-D: Copies the symbolic link file itself rather than the source file to which it is pointing.

-A: Used to implement archiving.

MV is used to move the source file to the target file or directory.

Grammar:

MV [OPTION] ... [-T] SOURCE DEST
MV [OPTION] ... SOURCE ... DIRECTORY

Mv/tmp/ou/111.txt to/etc/hh.

[[email protected] hh]# ls/etc/hh123  123.txt  222.txt  300[[email protected] hh]# ls/tmp/ou111.txt  123   123.txt  haha  hehe  xixi[[email protected] hh]# mv/tmp/ou/1111.txt  123/     123.txt/[[email] Protected] hh]# Mv/tmp/ou/111.txt/etc/hh[[email protected] hh]# ls/etc/hh/111.txt  123  123.txt  222. TXT  300

　　

MV Command common options:

-I: Interactive replication, that is, before overwriting to remind the user to confirm.

-F: Forces the overwrite of the target file.

RM command for deleting files or directories

Syntax: RM [OPTION] ... FILE ...

RM-RF (recursive directory enhancement Delete)/tmp/ou/123

[Email protected] hh]# ls/tmp/ou123  123.txt  haha  hehe  xixi[[email protected] hh]# rm-rf/tmp/ou/123[ [Email protected] hh]# ls/tmp/ou123.txt  haha  hehe  xixi

　　

Common options:

-I: Interactive Delete, that is, before deleting to remind the user to confirm.

-F: Forces the deletion of the target file.

-R: Recursively deletes the contents and directories in the directory.

Iv. Performance of the bash command execution status return values and command-line expansion are involved in the content and its example demonstration

Command execution status and return value: Bash outputs this result with a status return value of 0 for success and 1-255 for failure. After the command execution is complete, its status return value is saved in Bash's special variable $?.

ls command after using echo $? Viewing the result return value of 0 means that the command execution succeeded.

[[email protected] ~]# ls/tmp/ou123.txt  haha  hehe  xixi[[email protected] ~]# echo $?0

ls command after using echo $? View Results The return value of 2 indicates that the command failed to execute.

[[email protected] ~]# ls/tmp/xxxls:cannot access/tmp/xxx:no such file or Directory[[email protected] ~]# echo $?2

　　

Command line expand: ~: Expand to User's home directory, {}: can host a comma-delimited list and expand it to multiple paths

Switch to home directory, ~.

[[email protected] ~]# Cd/tmp/ou[[email protected] ou]# CD ~[[email protected] ~]# pwd/root

　　

The TMP directory creates a,b,c,3 files at the same time.

[[email protected] ~]# Cd/tmp/[[email protected] tmp]# Touch {a,b,c}[[email protected] tmp]# LSA          ou                  vmwaredndb
   pulse-lc4gadmk6caz  VMWARE-ROOTC          pulse-on2an8esj49w  vmware-root-1848984901etc        PULSE-RPT7FGHJNOBKORBIT-GDM  ssh-jnwnun2843

　　

Use the command line expansion feature to complete the following exercises

(1), create/tmp directory: A_c, A_d, B_c, B_d

[[email protected] tmp]# mkdir {a,b}_{c,d}[[email protected] tmp]# LSA    BC   etc                 Ssh-jnwnun2843ac   b_c< C12/>ORBIT-GDM           vmwarednda_c  BD   ou                  Vmware-rootad   b_d  Pulse-lc4gadmk6caz  Vmware-root-1848984901a_d  c    pulse-on2an8esj49wb    D    PULSE-RPT7FGHJNOBK

　　

(2), create the/tmp/mylinux directory:

mylinux/

├──bin

├──boot

│?? └──grub

├──dev

├──etc

│?? ├──rc.d

│?? │?? └──init.d

│?? └──sysconfig

│?? └──network-scripts

├──lib

│?? └──modules

├──lib64

├──proc

├──sbin

├──sys

├──tmp

├──usr

│?? └──local

│?? ├──bin

│?? └──sbin

└──var

├──lock

├──log

└──run

[Email protected] ~]# mkdir-pv/tmp/mylinux/{bin,boot/grub,dev,etc/{rc.d/init.dsysconfig/network-scripts},lib/ Modules,lib64,proc,sbin,sys,tmp,usr/local/{bin,sbin},var/{lock,log,run}

　　

[Email protected] ~]# tree/tmp/mylinux//tmp/mylinux/└──{bin,boot    └──grub,dev,etc        └──{rc.d            └── Init.dsysconfig                └──network-scripts},lib                    └──modules,lib64,proc,sbin,sys,tmp,usr                        └──local                            ├──bin , var                            │├──lock                            │├──log                            │└──run                            └──sbin,var                                ├──lock                                ├──log                                └──RUN15 Director IES, 0 files

　　

What are the metadata information for a file, what does it mean, and how to view it? How to modify timestamp information for a file.

Stat command

Stat–display file or file system status
Show the status of a file or file system

Stat FILE ...

Files: Two types of data
Meta data: metadata:access (last accessed), modify (last modified), change (last changed)
Statistics: Data

Time stamp:
Access time:2015-12-10 16:12:22.776423693 +0800
Modify Time:2015-12-10 16:12:22.776423693 +0800
Change time:2015-12-10 16:12:22.776423693 +0800

[[email protected] ~]# echo 123 >>/tmp/functions[[email protected] ~]# stat/tmp/functions   File: '/tmp/functio NS '  size:4               blocks:8          IO block:4096   regular filedevice:802h/2050d      inode:917667      Links: 1Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root) access:2016-12-09 16:35:10.187014284 +0800     #最近访问Modify: 2016-12-09 16:35:10.187014284 +0800      #最近更改: Data modification change:2016-12-09 16:35:10.187014284 +0800     #最近改动: Metadata modification, data modification

　　

Change the timestamp command: Touch

Touch–change file Timestamps
Modify file Timestamp

Touch [OPTION] ... FILE ...
-C: The specified file path does not exist when not created;
-A: Modify access time only;
-M: Modify modify time only;
-T STAMP
[[Cc]yy] MMDDHHMM[.SS]

[[email protected] ~]# touch-m-t 1212020900.00/tmp/functions   #修改时间为2012年12月2日09:00[[email protected] ~]# stat/tmp /functions                        File: '/tmp/functions '  size:4               blocks:8          IO block:4096   Regular filedevice:802h/2050d      inode:917667      Links:1access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root) access:2016-12-09 16:35:10.187014284 +0800modify:2012-12-02 09:00:00.000000000 +0800change:2016-12-09 16:41:46.359015406 + 0800

How do I define an alias for a command, and how do I refer to the execution result of another command in a command?

To define a command alias using the alias command

Alias command

Alias

Get all the available alias definitions

~]# Alias

Alias

~]# alias Name= ' COMMAND '

Valid only for the current shell process
To revoke an alias:

~]# Unalias NAME

　　

[[email protected] ~]# aliasalias cp= ' cp-i ' Alias grep= ' grep--color=auto ' Alias l.= ' ls-d. *--color=auto ' Alias ll= ' ls-l --color=auto ' Alias ls= ' ls--color=auto ' alias mv= ' mv-i ' Alias rm= ' rm-i ' Alias Which= ' Alias | /usr/bin/which--tty-only--read-alias--show-dot--show-tilde ' [[email protected] ~]# type Aliasalias is a shell builtin[[ Email protected] ~]# alias Cls=clear[[email protected] ~]# CLS          #此时cls拥有了clear的功能

[[email protected] ~]# unalias cls     #取消了clear功能 [[email protected] ~]# Cls-bash:cls:command not found

Referencing the execution result of another command in a command, using a pipeline |

Pipeline

A connection program that directs the output of the previous command directly to the latter program as an input data stream
COMMAND1 | COMMAND2 | COMMAND3 | ...

Globbing: File name wildcard

(whole file name matches, not parts)

Match pattern: metacharacters
*: matches any character of any length
pa*, *pa*, *pa, *p*a*
PA, PAA, passwd

?: matches any single character
Pa??? PA, P?a, P?a?
PA, PAA, passwd

[]: matches any single character within the specified range
There are several special formats:
[A-z], [A-z], [0-9], [a-z0-9]
[[: Upper:]]: All uppercase letters
[[: Lower:]]: All lowercase letters
[[: Alpha:]]: All letters
[[:d Igit:]]: All numbers
[[: Alnum:]]: All letters and numbers
[[: Space:]]: all whitespace characters
[[:p UNCT:]]: All punctuation

PA[0-9][0-9], 2[0-9][0-9]
[^]: matches any single character outside the specified range

[^[:upper:]] All non-capital letters
[^0-9] all non-digital
[^[:alnum:]] All non-letters and numbers

Displays all files or directories in the/var directory that start with L, end with a lowercase letter, and have at least one digit (can have other characters) appear in the middle

[Email protected] var]# ls-d/VAR/1*[0-9]*[[:LOWER:]]/VAR/123ABC

Displays files or directories that start with any number in the/etc directory and end with a non-numeric

[Email protected] etc]# lls-d/etc/[0-9]*[^0-9]-bash:lls:command not found

Displays a file or directory that starts with a non-letter, followed by a letter and any character of any length, in the/etc directory

[Email protected] etc]# ls-d [^a-z][a-z]*ls:cannot access [^a-z][a-z]*: No such file or directory

In the/tmp directory, create the tfile beginning, followed by the current date and time of the file, the file name is as follows: tfile-2016-05-27-09-32-220

[Email protected] etc]# mkdir/tmp/tfile-$ (date +%y-%m-%d-%h-%m-%s) [[email protected] etc]# Cd/tmp/[[email protected] t mp]# LSA    b_d                 PULSE-ON2AN8ESJ49WAC   c                   pulse-rpt7fghjnobka_c  d                   ssh-wfbsgl2767ad   etc                tfile-2016-12-09-17-02-19a_d  functions           virtual-zcl1840. QM3SYSB    mylinux             vmwaredndbc   orbit-gdm           vmware-rootb_c  ou                  vmware-root-1848984901bd   Pulse-lc4gadmk6caz  vmware-zcl1840

Copy all files or directories in the/etc directory to the/tmp/mytest1 directory that begin with P and do not end with a number

[[email protected] tmp]# mkdir mytest1[[email protected] tmp]# cp-r/etc/p*[^0-9]/tmp/mytest1

Copy all files or directories ending with. D in the/etc directory into the/tmp/mytest2 directory

[Email protected] tmp]# cp-r/etc/*.d/tmp/mytest2

Copy all items in the/etc directory that start with L or M or N and end with. conf to the/TMP/MYTEST3 directory

[Email protected] tmp]# cp-r/etc/[1mn]*.conf/tmp/mytest3

　　

　　

　　

　　

　

　

　　

　　

Learning linux-Basic Six (Common command: CP,MV,RM)