LFS (Linux from Scratch) learning

First, Introduction

Lfs──linux from Scratch, is a kind of direct download from the Internet source code, from the beginning to compile Linux installation method. It's not a release, it's just a recipe that tells you where to go to buy food (download source code), how to make these raw things into a taste of their own dishes-personalized Linux, not just the personality of the desktop.

Reference: http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/

Http://www.ha97.com/book/lfs-book-6.6/index.html

Http://xxb.is-programmer.com/2008/3/26/LFS-8.1730.html

http://sinojelly.blog.51cto.com/479153/201337/

Second, the Environment preparation

The following environmental checks are required to use the Debian platform:

1. Check the required tools and kernel version numbers to see if they meet the lfs7.7 list requirements

2, check the need to use the library, a total of three, GMP, MPFR and MPC

The tool check script is as follows:

#filename: check_env.sh

#/bin/SHExport Lc_all=C # Check forBashbash--version |Head-n1 |Cut-D" "-f2-4Echo "/bin/sh, ' readlink-f/bin/sh '"Echo-N"Binutils:";LD--version |Head-n1 |Cut-D" "-f3-Bison--version |Head-n1# Check forYACCif[-H/USR/BIN/YACC]; Then    Echo "/usr/bin/yacc, ' readlink-f/usr/bin/yacc '";elif[-X/USR/BIN/YACC]; Then    EchoYACC is '/usr/bin/yacc--version |Head-N1 'Else    Echo "Yacc not found"fi# Check for Otherbzip2--version2>&1</dev/NULL|Head-n1 |Cut-D" "-F1,6-Echo-N"coreutils:";Chown--version |Head-n1 |Cut-D")"-F2diff--version |Head-N1Find--version |Head-N1gawk--version |Head-N1if[-h/usr/bin/awk]; Then    Echo "/usr/bin/awk, ' readlink-f/usr/bin/awk '";elif[-x/usr/bin/awk]; Then    EchoYACC is '/usr/bin/awk--version |Head-N1 'Else    Echo "awk not found"fiGCC--version |Head-n1g+ +--version |Head-n1ldd--version |Head-n1 |Cut-D" "-f2-# glibc Versiongrep--version |Head-N1gzip--version |Head-N1Cat/proc/VERSIONM4--version |Head-N1 Make--version |Head-N1Patch--version |Head-N1EchoPerl 'Perl-v:version 'sed--version |Head-N1Tar--version |Head-N1makeinfo--version |Head-N1xz--version |Head-N1Echo "main () {}"> dummy.c && g++-o dummy dummy.cif[-X dummy]; Then    Echo "g++ compilation OK";Else    Echo "g++ Compilation failed";fiRM-F dummy.c Dummy

If the result is as follows, the environment is ready

If "Command not Found" appears, the tool is missing and can be installed with the following command (for example, installing the Gawk tool)

sudo Install gawk

The Library check script is as follows:

#filename: check_lib.sh

#!/bin/bashfor on do    echo  $lib: $ (                    if  Findgrepthen                        :;                     Else                        Echo Not ;                     fi                 ) found  Done unset Lib

The results show that three libraries do not currently have a

Third, storage equipment preparation

LFS compilation needs to have a separate piece of storage, the condition is not good on a separate partition, the condition is better to hang a block of hard disk, really do not create a new directory to do this thing, but this is not able to guide up, only chroot after the compilation environment.

The following is a new SATA hard drive with VMware , then access the virtual machine, partition, mount as an example to describe this process.

Click "Edit Virtual machine settings" and select Add hard drive, such as:

Select "SATA (A)" and click "Next", such as:

Select "Create a new Virtual disk" and click "Next", such as:

Set the disk size to: 20G, then select "Save Virtual disk as a single file" and click "Next", such as:

Click "Done", such as:

Click "OK", such as:

Start the virtual machine and execute the following command to view the new drive information

ls grep SD

The new hard drive is SDB, such as:

After executing the following command, select "New" to create a new partition, such as:

Cfdisk/dev/sdb

SELECT [Primary] to create a new primary partition, such as:

Tip size (in MB), select the size of the partition you want to create: 128, such as:

SELECT [Beginning] to add a partition in the starting position of the free space, such as:

Select [Bootable], enter, create a new section above this column the Flags field will appear with the boot word, such as:

The arrow key presses down and the cursor selects "Free Space" to create the swap partition. Basically repeat the steps just now, but the size is changed to 1024, do not need to set the boot logo.

Move the cursor to [type], change the file system type, enter after entering the type selection menu, the number default input is 82, that is, "Linux swap/solaris", directly enter the

At this point back to the main menu, you can see the second partition sdb2 "FS Type" is changed to "Linux Swap/solaris", such as:

Press the arrow key down, select Free Space, repeat the SDB1 creation step, type SELECT [Logical], size default maximum, no need to change, such as:

When you return to the main menu, you can see that the Name column shows SDB5, such as:

The new hard disk partition table is completed, need to write to the hard disk, move the cursor to [write], enter, such as:

Tip "is sure you want to write the partition table to disk? (yes or No): ", hit" Yes "and enter, such as:

Right-move the cursor to [quit] to enter and exit Cfdisk, such as:

Now that the partition is complete, the isolated storage devices and partitions required by LFS are ready, such as:

Iv. disk initialization and source preparation

The following steps are required to format the partition:

/DEV/SDB1 use Ext2 to perform the following commands, such as

Mkfs-v-T EXT2/DEV/SDB1

/DEV/SDB2 use swap to perform the following commands, such as

Mkswap/dev/sdb2

/DEV/SDB5 use EXT4 to perform the following commands, such as

Mkfs-v-T EXT4/DEV/SDB5

Execute the following command to create the directory:/mnt/lfs

mkdir -pv/mnt/lfs

For convenience, change the owner of the/mnt/lfs directory to the current user, otherwise add sudo to each operation and execute the following command

Chown -R Lenovo. sudo lfs/

Mount the primary storage partition/DEV/SDB5 of the LFS project to this directory

Mount -v-t ext4/dev/sdb5/mnt/lfs

Each time the host system restarts, you need to re-export and mount, for convenience, execute the following command to create the environment variable $lfs=/mnt/lfs

VI ~/.BASHRC

#在文件尾添加如下内容

Export Lfs=/mnt/lfs

Execute the following command to make the environment variable effective immediately

SOURCE ~/.BASHRC

At this point we can download and compile the LFS components we need on the $lfs.

Below, create a new directory to store the source code, and download the source code

mkdir $LFS/SRCCD $LFS/src

wget http://www.haopingrui.cn/lfs.tar.gz 124e1eb0e52f176ab84c38118b4975e3

At this point, the partition and source are ready to complete.

Five, tool chain compilation

In order to avoid the use of large account misuse caused the host loss, first, create a new LFS user

Set a password for user LFS

Add environment variables for user LFS

VI ~/.BASHRC

Add the following at the end of the file

Home=$HOMETERM=$TERM #ps1= ' ${debian_chroot:+ ($debian _chroot)}\[\033[ on; 31m\][\a]\[\033[ on; 33m\]\u\[\033[00m\]@\[\033[ on; 32m\]\h:\[\033[ on; 34m\]\W\[\033[00m\]$ ' Set+Humask022LFS=/mnt/Lfslc_all=posixlfs_tgt=$(uname-m)-lfs-linux-Gnupath=/tools/bin:/bin:/usr/binexport LFS lc_all lfs_tgt PATH

Execute the following command

SOURCE ~/.BASHRC

Finally, add the user lfs to the sudo group to get permission to execute sudo

sudo sudo lfs

After creating a directory and establishing a soft link, change the file owner, execute the following command

mkdir -v $LFS/toolssudo ln-sv $LFS/tools/toolssudochown -rv LFS $LFS/src

Unzip and move files to directory $lfs/src/

cd/mnt/lfs/srctar -zxvf lfs. Tar . GZ MV $LFS/src/lfs/*  $LFS/src/

Next, the tool compiles

Compiling binutils

TarJXVF binutils-2.25.Tar. BZ2CD binutils-2.25mkdir-V. /binutils-BUILDCD ./binutils-build/
.. /binutils-2.25/configure--prefix=/tools--with-sysroot= $LFS--with-lib-path=/tools/lib--target= $LFS _tgt --disable-nls--disable-werrormake case $ (uname    in  mkdirLn -sv lib/tools/lib64;; Esac  Make Install

LFS (Linux from Scratch) learning