2.6.24.4
Kernel porting to S3C2440 ----
Use busybox-1.9.2
Create a root file system
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Porting environment:HOST: centos 5.1 Cross Compiler: arm-linux-gcc-3.4.1 Development Board platform: S3C2440 (YL-2440/YLP-2440 Development Board)
Start porting1. download the latest busybox1.9.2 and decompress it. Download busybox source code: http://busybox.net/downloads/busybox-1.9.2.tar.bz2 tool: With the kernel decompressed source code: tar-jxvf busybox-1.9.2.tar.bz2
2. Modify the arch of Line 1 in makefile and the chaincode of the compilation tool. Arch? = Armcros_compile? =/Usr/local/ARM/3.4.1/bin/ARM-Linux-3. Make menuconfig. Modify the compilation configuration options.
Busybox setting ----->Build option --> [] Build busybox as a static binary (no shared libs) [*] build shared libbusybox [*] produce a binary for each applet, linked against libbusybox [*] produce additional busybox binary linked against libbusybox [] Build with large file support (for accessing files> 2 GB) installation option --> [*] Don't use/usr applets links (as soft-links) ---> (. /_ install) busybox installation prefix
Busybox library tuning ---> MD5: Trade bytes for speed [*] Faster/proc scanning code (+ 100 bytes) [*] Support for/etc/networks [*] Support for/etc/networks [*] additional editing keys [*] vi-style line editing commands [*] History saving [*] tab completion [*] username completion [*] Fancy shell prompts
LINUX module utilities --->[*] Support version 2.6.x linux kernels [*] insmod [*] Enable load map (-m) option [*] symbols in load map [*] rmmod [*] lsmod [*] lsmod pretty output for 2.6.x linux kernels [*] modprobe [] multiple options parsing [] Fancy alias Parsing --- options common to multiple modutils [] Support tainted module checking with new kernels [] support version 2.2.x to 2.4.x linux kernels [*] Support versio N 2.6.x linux kernels other defaults 4. Compile busybox [Kevin @ localhost busybox-1.9.2] # make install will generate the files we need under the busybox/_ install directory. 5. Modify the properties of _ install/bin/busybox. 4755 chmod 4755. /_ install/bin/busybox must modify attributes. Otherwise, many commands in busybox will be restricted, such as: $ Susu: Must be SUID to work properly 6. the directories and files required to create the root FS file system. Mkdir/nfsroot/S3C2440 create a basic directory in the root folder [root @ centos S3C2440] # lsbin Dev home linuxrc proc sbin TMP varboot etc lib MNT root sys USR 6. create a node file/dev/console as root,/dev/null mknod-m 600 DEV/console C 5 1 mknod-M 666 DEV/null C 1 3 7. the configuration file is as follows: [root @ centos etc] # More profile #! /Bin/sh #/etc/profile: system-wide. profile file for the Bourne shells echoecho-n "processing/etc/profile ...... "# Set Search Library pathexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH =/lib:/usr/lib # Set User pathexport Path =/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin: /usr/sbin # Set ps1user = "'id-UN '" LOGNAME = $ userps1 =' [/u @/h/W]/$ 'path = $ PATH echo "done! "[Root @ centos etc] # More init. d/RCS #! /Bin/sh # Set hostname, needed host file in/etc directory #. /etc/hosthostname 'cat/etc/host' # mount all filesystem defined in "fstab" Echo "# mount all ....... "/bin/Mount-A # + yangdk/bin/chmod 0666/dev/null echo" # Starting mdev .... "/bin/ECHO/sbin/mdev>/proc/sys/kernel/hotplugmdev-S/usr/etc/init echo "************ * *************************** "Echo" yangdk linux-2.6.24.4 Boot "Echo" "Echo" "Echo "********************************** * ******* "[root @ centos etc] # More fstab host inittab passwd Shadow Group init. d/mdev. conf profile [root @ centos etc] # More fstab proc/proc defaults 0 0 none/tmp ramfs defaults 0 0 NONE/var ramfs defaults 0 0 0 mdev/dev ramfs defaults 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 [root @ centos etc] # More inittab:: sysinit:/etc/init. d/RCS: respawn:-/bin/sh tty 2: askfirst:-/bin/sh: ctrlaltdel:/bin/umount-a-r: shutdown:/bin umount-a-r: shutdown: /sbin/swapoff-A [root @ centos etc] # more .. /usr/etc/init #! /Bin/shifconfig eth0 192.168.1.111 upifconfig lo 127.0.0.1 8. create a file/etc/mdev. conf, the content is blank [root @ centos etc] # vi mdev. conf 9. copy the passwd, group, and shadow files under the host/etc/to/etc [root @ centos etc] # cp/etc/group. [root @ centos etc] # cp/etc/passwd. [root @ centos etc] # cp/etc/shadow. OK. All required files have been created. OK [root @ centos etc] # lsfstab group host init. d inittab mdev. conf passwd profile shadow 10. copy the compiled busybox to the/root directory [root @ CEN ToS _ install] # sudo CP-rfv */nfsroot/S3C2440 11, because dynamic links are used during compilation. So first check which Lib is used by/busybox/_ install/bin/busybox, and then copy the corresponding lib from glibc to/nfsroot/S3C2440/lib. [Root @ centos bin] #/usr/local/ARM/3.4.1/ARM-Linux-GNU-readelf-D busybox dynamic section at offset 0xb8014 contains 22 entries: tag type name/value 0x00000001 (needed) Shared Library: [libcrypt. so.1] 0x00000001 (needed) Shared Library: [libm. so.6] 0x00000001 (needed) Shared Library: [libc. so.6] 0x0000000c (init) 0xc04c 0x0000000d (fini) 0xa26f0 0x00000004 (hash) 0x80e8 0x00000005 (strtab) 0xa384 0x0 0000006 (symtab) 0x8b24 .................. Copy the Lib file to the lib directory: [root @ centos lib] CP/usr/local/ARM/3.4.1/ARM-Linux/lib/LD *. [root @ centos lib] CP/usr/local/ARM/3.4.1/ARM-Linux/lib/libc-2.3.2.so. [root @ centos lib] CP/usr/local/ARM/3.4.1/ARM-Linux/lib/libc. so.6. [root @ centos lib] CP/usr/local/ARM/3.4.1/ARM-Linux/lib/libm *. [root @ centos lib] CP/usr/local/ARM/3.4.1/ARM-Linux/lib/libcrypt *. 12. use the mkcramfs tool to create the entire S3C2440 folder into a file system [root @ centos nfsroot] # m Kcramfs S3C2440 fs_2.6.24.4_busybox.cramfs-e 2.6.24.4 download and download it to nandflash. Start... Read chip id = ec76nand flash status = c0set boot Params = root =/dev/mtdblock2 init =/linuxrc load_ramdisk = 0 console = ttysac1, 115200 mem = 65536 K devfs = Mount load kernel... linux version 2.6.24.4 (root @ centos) (GCC version 3.4.1) #49 Wed May 7 18:57:08 CST 2008cpu: ARM920T [41129200] Revision 0 (armv4t), Cr = c0007177machine: forbidden is deprecated; please update your bootloader. memory Policy: ECC disabled, data cache writebackcpu s3c2440a (ID 0x32440001) s3c244x: Core 400.000 MHz, memory 100.000 MHz, peripheral 50.000 mhzs3c24xx clocks, (c) 2004 simtec electronicsclock: slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, mpll on, upll oncpu0: D vivt write-back cachecpu0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 setscpu0: d cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 setsbuilt 1 Zon Elists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. total pages: 16256 kernel command line: Root =/dev/mtdblock2 init =/linuxrc load_ramdisk = 0 console = ttysac1, 115200 mem = 65536 K devfs = Mount IRQ: clearing pending ext status 0005f600irq: Clearing subpending status 0000009 airq: Clearing subpending status limit 0092pid hash table entries: 256 (Order: 8, 1024 bytes) timer tcon = 00590000, tcnt a2c1, tcfg 00000200,00000 000, USEC 20171eb8console: Color dummy device 80x30console [ttysac1] enableddentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (Order: 3, 32768 bytes) inode-Cache hash table entries: 4096 (Order: 2, 16384 bytes) memory: 64 MB = 64 MB totalmemory: 61628kb available (2824 K code, 299 K data, 120 K init) Mount-Cache hash table entries: 512cpu: testing write buffer coherency: oknet_namespace: 64 bytesnet: Registered prot Ocol family 16s3c2410 power management, (c) 2004 simtec Protocol: initialising ubuntures3c2440: IRQ Protocol: clock support, DVS offs3c24xx DMA driver, (c) 2003-tps2006 simtec electronicsdma channel 0 at c4800000, IRQ 33dma Channel 1 at c4800040, IRQ 34dma Channel 2 at c4800080, IRQ 35dma Channel 3 at c48000c0, IRQ 36 usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfsusbcore: Regi Stered new interface driver hubusbcore: Registered New Device Driver usbnet: Registered protocol family 2ip route cache hash table entries: 1024 (Order: 0, 4096 bytes) TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (Order: 2, 16384 bytes) TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) TCP: Hash Tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048) TCP Reno registerednetwinder floating point emulator v0.9 7 (Double Precision) jffs2 Version 2.2. (NAND) 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc. io scheduler Noop registeredio scheduler anticipatory registered (default) Io scheduler deadline registeredio scheduler CFQ registereds3c2410-lcd: no platform data for LCD, cannot s3c2410-lcd: Probe of attachs3c2410-lcd failed with error-22lp: driver loaded but no devices foundppdev: User-space parallel port drivers Erial: 8250/16550 driver $ revision: 1.90 $4 ports, IRQ sharing enableds3c2440-uart.0: s3c2410_serial0 at mmio 0x50000000 (IRQ = 70) is a S3C2440s3c2440-uart.1: s3c2410_serial1 at mmio 0x50004000 (IRQ = 73) is a S3C2440s3c2440-uart.2: s3c2410_serial at mmio 0x50008000 (IRQ = 76) is a s3c2440ramdisk driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096 K size 1024 blocksizeloop: module loadedcirrus logic CS8900 A driver for Linux (modified for smdk2410) + yangdk --> Debug: pp_intnum: 21844 + yangdk --> debug2: pp_intnum: 21840eth0: cs8900a rev E at 0xe0000300 IRQ = 53, ADDR: 00: 0: 3E: 26: 0a: 0 uniform multi-platform E-IDE driver revision: 7.00alpha2ide: Assuming 50 MHz system bus speed for Pio modes; override with idebus = xxs3c24xx NAND driver, (c) 2004 simtec Electronicss3c2440-nand s3c2440-nand: tacls = 1, 10ns twrph0 = 4 40ns, twrph1 = 1 10 nsnand device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, chip ID: 0x76 (Samsung NAND 64mib 3,3 V 8-bit) nand_ecc_none selected by board driver. this is not recommended !! Scanning Device for bad blockscreating 4 MTD partitions on "NAND 64mib 3,3 V 8-bit": 0x00000000-0x00030000: "bootloader" failed: "Linux kernel" 0x00200000-0x02000000: "Linux rootfs" failed: "user" usbmon: debugfs is not availables3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: s3c24xx OHCIs3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: IRQ 42, Io mem 0x49000000usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choicehub 1-0:1. 0: USB hub foundhub 1-0: 1. 0: 2 ports detectedmice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mices3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slave address 0x10s3c2440-i2c KHzs3c2440-i2c: Bus frequency set to 390 s3c2440-i2c i2c-0: s3c I2C adapters3c2410 watchdog timer, (c) 2004 simtec Electronicss3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt: watchdog inactive, Reset disabled, IRQ enabledtcp cubic registerednet: Registered protocol family 1rpc: Registered UDP Transport module. RPC: Registered TCP transport module. VFS: mounted root (cramfs filesystem) readonly. freeing init memory: 120 K init started: busybox v1.9.2 (00:31:28 Cst) starting PID 766, tty '': '/etc/init. d/RCS '# mount all ....... chmod:/dev/null: no such file or directory # Starting MD Ev .... + yangdk ---> Debug: request_irq successful ************************************** * yangdk linux-2.6.24.4 boot ******************************** ********* starting PID 776, tty '': '/bin/Sh' processing/etc/profile ...... -/bin/sh: User: Not founddone! [Root @ yangdk/] #
