Linux (5), file content-related commands

What's new in file content vim

Modal editor, full screen editor
Centos7 Installing VIM:yum -y install vim

Three different modes

• 1, the editing mode, open vim after the default mode, no eggs;
• 2, insert mode, directly can modify the text content;

• 3, the last line mode, you can use the command to manipulate the text content:

  :10d        删除第10行:10,20d     删除第10行-20行

transitions between modes :

• Edit mode--Input mode:

  i   在当前光标所在字符前面进入输入模式a   在当前光标所在字符后面进入输入模式o   在当前光标所在行的下方新建一行，并转换为输入模式I   在当前光标所在行的行首进入输入模式A   在当前光标所在行的行尾进入输入模式O   在当前光标所在行的上方新建一行并进入输入模式

• Input mode--edit mode:ESC
• Edit mode--and last-line mode::

• Last-line mode--edit mode: ESC multiple strokes may be required

VIM related Operations :

• 1. Open File:

  vim file        普通打开文件vim +n file     打开文件且光标位于第n行首部vim + file      打开文件并编辑最后一行vim +/pattren   打开文件并定位第一次被模式匹配到的行的行首

• 2. Close the file

  • To close a file in the last-line mode:

    :q      不保存退出:wq     保存退出:q!     强制退出:w      保存退出:w!     强行保存:wq!    强行保存并退出

  • Exit in edit mode: ZZ Save and exit

• 3. Move the cursor (in edit mode)

  # 逐字符移动：     箭头# 按单词为单位移动    w       # 移至下一单词的词首    e       # 移至当前或下一个单词的词尾    b       # 移至当前或前一个单词的词首# 行内跳转    0       # 绝对行首    ^       # 行首的第一个非空白字符    $       # 绝对行尾，包含空白字符# 行间跳转    nG      # 直接跳转至第 n 行行首    G       # 跳转至最后一行行首            # 在末行模式下，直接给出行号即可# 翻屏操作（编辑模式）    ctrl+f      向下    ctrl+b      向上

• 4. Delete (character, Word, line):

  # 命令行删除单个字符：x       # 删除光标所在处的单个字符nx      # 删除光标所在处以及向后的共n个字符                 # 编辑模式下,跟跳转命令结合使用    dw      # 删除当前单词 delete word    dd      # 删除当前所在行      ndd     # 往下删除当前所在行在内的n行# 末行模式：    :2,4d   # 删除第2-4行    :2,+5   # 删除第2行以及随后的5行    $d      删除最后一行    .d      删除当前行    $-1d    删除倒数第二行

• 5. Copy command (in edit mode):

  yy      复制整行

• 6. Paste Command p :

  If the copied or deleted content is the whole line, paste it below the row;

  The copied or deleted content is a non-whole line, then pasted to the character after the cursor;

• 7. Undo the edit operation:

  u           # 撤销前一次的编辑操作，可以连续使用n次nu          # 撤销最近n次的编辑操作ctrl+r      # 撤销最近一次的撤销操作

• 8, repeat the previous edit operation:.

• 9. Find:

  /pattren?pattren

• 10. Find and replace (in last line mode)

  n,ms/ad/AD/g        # 在n-m行，将ad替换成AD1,3s/hello/hi/g    # 在1-3行中将hello字符串替换为hi

Echo

REDIRECT has related introduction

• Append a line to the end of the file:echo asasas >> file

• Empty the original file and write the contents:echo asasas > file

• Append multiple lines of content:

  cat >> 3.txt << EOF> q> w> e> rt> EOF

View Content Cat

View all content

• -nShow line Numbers
• -cShown in bytes, for example-c3 display first three bytes (seemingly nonexistent)
• --helpSee introduction, similar to man, but contains Chinese

Head

By default, the first 10 rows are viewed, and you can specify the number of rows to display.

• -n: Show Top N rows

  [[email protected] ~]# head -2 1.txt root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bashbin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

Tail

You can specify the number of rows to display by default when you view the following 10 rows.

• -nShow the last n rows

Sed

• Stream editor for filtering and transforming text.

• By default, the original file is not edited, only the schema space data is processed.

• format :sed ‘AddressCommands‘ file ...

• Options:
  • -n: Silent mode, does not display the contents of the mode space
  • -i: Modify the original file directly
  • -e: Multiple scripts can be executed at the same time
  • -f: Save to file /path/to/script , sed -f /path/to/script file run script in specified file
  • -r: Indicates the use of an extended regular expression

• Address: Used in conjunction with the following commands

  # 1、Startline、Endline    例如： 1,100    $   表示最后一行    $-1  倒数第二行# 2、/RegExp/    /^root/                 # 表示以root字符串开始的行    sed '/3/d' file         # 不显示包含3的行    sed -n '/a/p' 1.txt     # 显示包含字符a的行# 3、/pattren1/,/pattren2/,正则匹配    # 第一次被pattern1匹配的行开始，到第一次被pattern2匹配到的行结束中间的所有行。    sed -n /hi/,/a/p 1.txt          # 显示从第一次匹配到字符 hi 和字符 a 以及之间所有行# 4、指定行    sed -n 'mp' 1.txt   # 显示第m行    [[email protected] ~]# sed -n 2p 3.txt     b# 5、Startline， +N       # 从startline开始，向后的N行    sed '1,+3d' file    # 删除1-4行    [[email protected] ~]# sed 1,+2d 3.txt   # 输出删除后剩余的所有内容    d    e    f    g    h    [[email protected] ~]# cat 3.txt     a    b    c    d    e    f    g    h

• Commands

  # 1, d delete (not show) qualifying line sed 1,2d file # shows other rows except 1-2 rows # 2, p displays rows that match the criteria, combined with-n use, only shows qualifying rows sed-n '/^a/p ' 1.txt # display with a  All lines beginning with # 3, Na\string appends a new line after the next line of the specified line after sed ' 3a\hahaha ' 1.txt # Appends a line to the third row with the HAHAHA string # 4, and ni\string appends a new line to the previous line of the specified row # 5. R file adds the contents of the specified file to the qualifying line at SED ' nr demo1.sh ' F1.txt # reads all the contents of the demo1.sh, placing it after the nth line of F1.txt # 6, W file will refer to The contents of the file are added to the specified file, the target file will be emptied. Sed '/a/w f2.txt ' F1.txt # writes the line containing the character a in f1.txt to the file F2.txt # 7, s/pattren/string/sed ' s/a /a/' F1.txt # replaces character A with the character a sed ' s/.*a.*/a/' f1.txt # will contain a line substitution character A-g # global substitution, as long as the match replaces SED ' s/a /a/g ' F1.txt # replaces all a in each line with a for a-i # ignoring case the SED s/h/y/i 3.txt # delimiter can be s###. [email protected]@@ # do not use the character you want to replace as a delimiter & # Reference to the string previously matched to: sed ' s/a/&r/g ' f1.txt # after match to the a character Append r character sed ' s#l\ (..                e\) #L \1#g ' F1.txt # replaces only two characters in the middle of E with L, example hello,my love Hello, Linux           >>>  Hello,my Love Hello, Linux 

Awk

Displays one or more lines, pattern scanning and processing language

awk 'NR==n' 3.txt  # 显示第 n 行内容awk "NR==n, NR==m" 3.txt  # 显示 n-m 行的内容   

Grep

• Global Research searches the text based on the pattern and displays the lines of text that conform to the pattern, partially matching.

• Patterns a matching condition that consists of a combination of meta-characters of the text wildcards regular the expression

• Options:
  • -iIgnore case
  • --colorMatching content highlighting
  • -vReverse Lookup
  • -oShow only strings that match to

  grep 'ab' 1.txt     # 查看包含 字符 ab 的所有行grep -v '2' 1.txt   # 列出所有不包含 字符 2 的行

• Regular Expressions :

  .           # 匹配任意单个字符*           # 匹配其前面的字符任意次　　.*          # 匹配任意多个任意字符\?          # 匹配前一个字符0或1次\{n, m\}    # 匹配前面的字符至少n次，之多m次^           # 字符出现在行首$           # 字符出现再行尾^$          # 空白行[]          # 指定集合内的任意一个字符[^]         # 非[:digit:]　 # 同通配符使用    grep '[[:digit:]]' 1.txt   # 匹配包含数字的行

Cut

The contents of the corresponding column of each row are taken at the specified location after splitting.

• -d: Specify delimiter, default is a space
• -f: Specify the fields to display

[[email protected] ~]# cat 3.txt sdasdaa 12as asdasdvvc 12as asdasdsd 12a asdasdf[[email protected] ~]# cut -d' ' -f1 3.txt   # 按照空格分割，显示每行的第一个字段sdasdaavcdcut -d' ' -f1,2 1.txt   # 每行的第1个和第2个字段cut -d' ' -f1-3 1.txt   # 显示每行的第 1-3 个字段

Sort

• View file contents and sort by row
• By default, the decimal digit size in ASCII corresponds to the beginning of the line in ascending order
• Options:
  • -nSort by numeric size
  • -rDescending
  • -tSpecify delimiter
  • -kSpecify a field,sort -t: -k3 -n /ect/passwd
  • -uDuplicate rows are displayed only once
  • -fCase insensitive

Uniq

Adjacent and identical rows are displayed only once

[[email protected] ~]# cat 3.txt abbaaaabbcccc

• -dShow duplicate rows, show only once

  [[email protected] ~]# uniq -d 3.txt aacc

• -DShow duplicate rows, how many are displayed

  [[email protected] ~]# uniq -D 3.txt aaaacccc

• -cShow duplicate rows and the corresponding number of times

  [[email protected] ~]# uniq -c 3.txt 1 a1 bb2 aa1 bb2 cc

Wc

• Statistical text content (line, Word, number of bytes)
• Options:
  • -lNumber of rows displayed
  • -wDisplay the number of words
  • -cNumber of bytes displayed
  • -mNumber of characters
  • -LThe longest line contains the number of characters

[email protected]:~/data$ wc 1.txt10 　  18 　 80 　1.txt行　　单词　字节　

Tr

Translate or delete characters
Displays the replaced character, where the AC refers to the collection rather than a string

tr 'ac' 'bd' < file     # 将文件中的字符a替换成字符btr 'a-z' 'A-Z' < file   # 将小写换成大写字母tr -d '1' < file  # 删除字符1

Linux (5), file content-related commands