Basic commands and directory structure directories in Linux
- First, the Linux basic directory structure
- II. basic Commands
- Third, browse the directory
- Iv. Intermediate Command
- Five, change the password
- VI. environment variables and shell variables
- Vii. Command Path
- Eight, text editor
- Ix. Get online Help
- X. Shell input and output
- Xi. Process of operation
- 12. Change file permissions
- 13. Archive and Compress
First, the Linux basic directory structure
II. basic Commands
1.shell command line interface, one of the most important parts of Unix.
2.shell is the application that runs the command line, which is a command that the user enters.
The 3.shell script, also an important part of Unix, resembles the. bat batch file in MS-DOS.
2.1 Shell window prompt: [email protected]:p ath$ (user name @ hostname: PATH $)
Input/output (I/O). The process reads data from the input stream and writes out data to the output stream. The input stream can be a file, device, terminal, or even an output stream from another process.
2.2 ls Command: Displays the contents of the specified directory, the default parameter is the current directory.
Parameter- l Displays a detailed list,-f displays file type information.
ls -l
2.3 CP command: Copying files
CP [File1] [File2]
"comment" copies file1 to File2
CP [File1] ... [Filen] [Dir1]
"Note" Copies multiple files to the specified directory
2.4 mv Command: Renaming files
MV [file1] [file2]
"Comment" renames the file name from File1 to File2
MV [File1] ... [Filen] [Dir1]
Notes moves multiple files to the specified directory
2.5 Touch Command: Create a file
If the file already exists, the command updates the timestamp of the file.
Touch [File1]
2.6 rm Command: Delete files
RM [File1]
2.7 echo Command: Display parameters to standard output
Echo Hello again.
Third, browse the directory
1.UNIX directory structure from/start, also known as the root directory, directory with/separate, not Win in the \.
2. Take/start the path with a WOW to the path, such as:/user/lib.
3. ". (two points) "represents the upper level directory of a directory, such as: The current directory is/user/lib, that ... On behalf of the/USER directory,. The/bin represents/user/bin.
4. Do not start with/To call the relative path.
3.1 CD: Set the current working directory
$ CD [Dir1]
3.2 mkdir command: Create a new directory
mkdir [Dir1]
3.3 rmdir command: Delete directory
rmdir [Dir1]
3.4 Shell wildcard: Match file name and directory name
Echo *
Notes lists all the files in the current directory.
Wildcard characters:
(1) * represents any character and number;
(2)? Match one character;
(3) "Do not expand wildcard characters, such as: ' * ' will display a *;
(4) ...
Iv. Intermediate Command 4.1 grep command: Displays the lines in the file and input stream that match the parameters
grep root/etc/passwd
All lines in the notes file/etc/passwd that contain the text root
grep root/etc/*
"Comments" to see all files containing root in directory/etc
Options:-I (case insensitive),-V (reverse match, show all unmatched rows)
4.2 Less command: Split screen display
Less/usr/share/dict/words
4.3 pwd command: Output only the current working directory name
4.4 diff command: View the differences between two files
diff [File1] [File2]
4.5 File Command: View the format information for a document
file [File1]
4.6 Find and Locate commands: Finding files
Find [Dir1]-name [file1]-print
Locate command: Finds files from the index.
4.7 Head and Tail command: Display the contents of a file
Head command: Displays the first 10 lines of the file;
Tail Command: Displays the contents of the following 10 lines of the file
head /etc/passwdtail /etc/passwd
4.8 Sort command: Quick sorting in alphabetical order
Option-n Sort by number,-R reverse Sort
Five, change the password
passwd Command: Change password
VI. environment variables and shell variables
Shell variables: Temporary variables saved in the shell
=: Assign Value
$ STUFF = blah
Promote to environment variable:
$ Export STUFF
Vii. Command Path
PATH a special environment variable:
Echo $PATH
Eight, text editor
VI, EMACS
Ix. Get online Help
If you want to understand the use of the LS command:
Mans ls
X. Shell input and output
redirect character;:
$ command > [file1]
"Comment" outputs the execution result to a file. If the file does not exist, it will be created and will empty the original content.
$ command >> [file1]
Note If you do not want to overwrite the original file, you can use >> to output the result to the end.
Xi. Process of operation
Terminate a process
kill PID
Pausing a process
kill -stop PID
Continue to execute Process
kill -cont PID
12. Change file Permissions 12.1 chmod command: Change file permissions
For user groups G and O with readable permissions R:
chmod g+chmod o+r [file1]
To simplify, use one line of commands:
chmod go+r [file1]
Remove permissions: Go-r.
Four characters corresponding permission information: R: Readable; w: writable; x: executable;-: none.
13. Archive and Compress
13.1 gzip Command: Compress individual files
13.2 tar command: Compress and archive multiple files and directories
tar CVF archive. Tar [File1] [file2] ...
Extract:
tar xvf archive. Tar
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"Original" http://www.cnblogs.com/liqingwen/p/6804028.html
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[Linux] Basic commands and directory structure in Linux (pending removal)