? ? After compressing files to improve data transmission efficiency, reduce transmission bandwidth, management of backup data has a very important function, so file compression decompression skills become the necessary skills. Compared to the file decompression tool in Windows Flowers Zhengyan, the Unzip tool in Linux is much less, the commonly used decompression commands are gzip,bzip2,tar,zip and so on.
gzip command
gzip only for ordinary files compression and decompression, for folders, symbolic links, etc. are not supported . The basic syntax is as follows:
gzip [选项] [文件]
The common parameters are as follows:
Parameters |
Description |
-D,--decompress |
Unzip the file |
-F,--force |
Compress/Unzip files to force overwrite files that already exist |
-L,--list |
Displays information about the compressed package, such as the pre-compression size, size after compression, compression ratio, and so on |
-R,--recursive |
Recursively compress files in all files and subdirectories in the specified directory, compressing each file into one GZ file |
-T,--test |
Check the integrity of compressed files |
-V,--verbose |
Show detailed procedures |
-V,--version |
Display version Information |
Compression speed and compression strength
? ? When compressing a file, you can adjust the compression time and compression ratio according to the actual need of different compression speed and compression strength. There are 9 compression levels available in gzip.
- -1: Represents the fastest compression, but the compressive strength is not high
- -9: Represents the highest compression strength, but the compression speed is slow
- -6: gzip Default value
An example of gzip is shown below:
- 1. Adding compressed Files
[[email protected] Python-3.7.0]# du -sh Python-3.7.0189M Python-3.7.0[[email protected] Python-3.7.0]# gzip -r Python-3.7.0[[email protected] Python-3.7.0]# du -sh Python-3.7.064M Python-3.7.0[[email protected] Python-3.7.0]# ll总用量 10856-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 3731 6月 27 11:07 aclocal.m4.gzdrwxr-xr-x 5 root root 82 7月 20 12:43 build-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 13214 6月 27 11:07 config.guess.gz-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38624 7月 20 12:48 config.log.gz
- 2. Compress the TAR package
[[email protected] Python-3.7.0]# gzip Python-3.7.0.tar[[email protected] Python-3.7.0]# ll -h总用量 52M-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 52M 7月 24 14:13 Python-3.7.0.tar.gz
- 3. Unpack the Compressed package
gzip -d Python-3.7.0.tar.gz
- 4. Display the information of compressed package
[[email protected] Python-3.7.0]# gzip -l Python-3.7.0.tar.gz compressed uncompressed ratio uncompressed_name 53670458 190464000 71.8% Python-3.7.0.tar
Bzip2
bzip2与gzip非常类似,区别在于gzip压缩和解压均是同一个命令,而bzip2压缩命令为bzip2,解压缩命令为bunzip2
Tar command
The tar command is the most used command in Linux, and the base basic syntax is as follows:
tar [选项] [文件]
The common parameters are as follows:
Options |
Description |
-A,--catenate |
To add a compressed package to a compressed package |
-C,--create |
New Compressed Package |
-C,--directory=dir |
Specifying the extracted directory |
-D,--diff |
Compare the difference between a compressed package and a file system |
--delete |
To delete a specified file from a compressed package |
-R,--append |
Append file to end of file |
-T,--list |
Display the directory structure in a compressed package |
-U,--update |
To add a newer file to a compressed package only |
-X,--extract |
Unpack the Tarball |
-F,--file=archive |
Specifying compressed Files |
-V,--verbose |
Show detailed procedures |
-j,--BZIP2 |
Support BZIP2 |
-Z,--gzip |
Support for Gzip |
--overwrite |
If the file already exists, replace it when extracting |
The things to note in using tar are as follows:
- 1. The main option parameters are as follows:
-c -x -t -r -u以上这5个参数同时只能出现一个,不能同时出现多个
-f :一般情况需要将该参数放置在最后位置,后面紧跟文件名
Examples of tar are shown below:
- 1. Add compressed files to the current directory
[[email protected] ~]# tar -cf Alltxt.tar *.txt
- 2. View the contents of the compressed package
[[email protected] ~]# tar -tf Alltxt.tarin.txtout.txtpackstack-answers-20180710-091950.txtpackstack-answers-20180710-092155.txtpackstack-answers-20180710-100538.txt
- 3. Add a compressed package to the package
[[email protected] ~]# tar -cf Alltxt.tar *.txt[[email protected] ~]# tar -cf Allbak.tar *.bak[[email protected] ~]# tar -Af Alltxt.tar Allbak.tar[[email protected] ~]# tar -tf Alltxt.tarin.txtout.txtpackstack-answers-20180710-091950.txtpackstack-answers-20180710-092155.txtpackstack-answers-20180710-100538.txtappend.txt.bak
- 4. Add files to the ZIP package
[[email protected] ~]# tar -rf Alltxt.tar out[[email protected] ~]# tar -tf Alltxt.tarin.txtout.txtpackstack-answers-20180710-091950.txtpackstack-answers-20180710-092155.txtpackstack-answers-20180710-100538.txtappend.txt.bakout/out/out.txtout/eip.sh
- 5. Update the files in the compressed package
[[email protected] ~]# tar -uf Alltxt.tar append.txt.bak
- 6. Extract files to the specified directory
[[email protected] ~]# tar -xf Python-3.7.0.tar -C TarTest/
- 7. Unzip the specified file in the package
[[email protected] Python-3.7.0]# tar -xf Python-3.7.0.tar Python-3.7.0/pyconfig.h[[email protected] Python-3.7.0]# tree Python-3.7.0Python-3.7.0└── pyconfig.h0 directories, 1 file
Zip command
Similar to bzip2, zip is used to compress files, while unzip is used to extract files. Its basic syntax is as follows:
zip [选项] [指定文件名] [压缩文件或路径]uzip [选项] [压缩包名称]
- The zip common parameters are as follows:
Options |
Description |
-C,--entry-comments |
Add comments to a compressed file |
-D,--delete |
To delete a specified file from a compressed package |
-D |
Compressed package does not create directory name |
-F,--freshen |
Similar to parameter-U, not only does it update existing files, but it also adds files that do not have a compressed package |
-I files/--include files |
Add the specified file only to the compressed package |
-M,--move |
To add the original file to the compressed package delete the original file |
-O Output-file |
|
-Q,--quiet |
Silent mode |
-R,--recurse-paths |
Recursive processing of specified directories and subdirectories |
-T,--test |
Check the integrity of the compressed package |
-U,--update |
Replace newer file updates in a compressed package |
-V,--verbose |
Show detailed procedures |
-X files/--exclude files |
Add an exclusion when compressing a file |
-# ( -0~-9) |
Set the compression level,-0: Do not compress the file,-1: The fastest compression speed, 9: The best compression strength, the default is 6 |
Options |
Description |
-L |
Displaying content in a compressed package |
-T |
Check the integrity of the compressed package |
-O |
Force overwrite files that already exist without prompting |
-j |
Do not process the original directory path in the compressed file |
-D Exdir |
Specify Unzip Directory |
An example of Zip/unzip is shown below:
- 1. Add a compressed package
[[email protected] Python-3.7.0]# zip -r Python-3.7.0.zip Python-3.7.0
- 2. Unpack the compressed package
unzip -d /tmp/ Python-3.7.0.zip
- 3. Check the integrity of the compression package
[[email protected] Python-3.7.0]# unzip -t Python-3.7.0.zipArchive: Python-3.7.0.zip testing: Python-3.7.0/ OK testing: Python-3.7.0/install-sh OK ... testing: Python-3.7.0/pybuilddir.txt OKNo errors detected in compressed data of Python-3.7.0.zip.
- 4. Display the contents of the compressed package
[[email protected] Python-3.7.0]# unzip -l Python-3.7.0.zipArchive: Python-3.7.0.zip Length Date Time Name--------- ---------- ----- ---- 0 07-20-2018 12:50 Python-3.7.0/ 7122 06-27-2018 11:07 Python-3.7.0/install-sh 101855 06-27-2018 11:07 Python-3.7.0/setup.py 0 07-20-2018 12:37 Python-3.7.0/.vsts/ 13965984 07-20-2018 12:50 Python-3.7.0/python 26 07-20-2018 12:50 Python-3.7.0/pybuilddir.txt--------- -------186791269 4771 files
- 5. Delete the files specified in the compressed package
[[email protected] Python-3.7.0]# zip Python-3.7.0.zip -d Python-3.7.0/*.odeleting: Python-3.7.0/Modules/config.odeleting: Python-3.7.0/Modules/getpath.odeleting: Python-3.7.0/Modules/main.o
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Linux Basic Tutorial 32-Unzip command