Summary of the first five sections
In the previous section, we learned about some of the basics of Linux systems, including Linux system installation, network configuration, Putty remote connections and Yum sources, as well as a brief description of what you need to know, including: Linux history, Linux system startup processes, and more.
Content has been kept short and clear, because there are a large number of high-quality network of documents waiting for your discovery, in addition, if you have the environment, then please try to ensure that they practice, more practice, more information, more summary, and the process of recording down, then is a learning shortcut.
ls "List"
Role: Listing Directory contents
Syntax: LS [options]
Options:
"-L" , Use a long listing format , display with long format
" -a" , display the file name to "." hidden files at the beginning
"-H" , to Human easy-to-read format display, mainly to look at capacity when used "KB" "MB" "GB"
"-I." , showing Inode number
"-R" , reverse -t -tr -t The display order is reversed.
"-T" to categorize the files in the modified chronological order.
"-D" , listing the information in the directory itself, not the contents inside the directory.
===================================================================[[email protected] ~]# lsanaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog# "-L" long format display [[email protected] ~ ]# LS -LTOTAL 20-RW-------. 1 root root 967 Feb 13 05:17 anaconda-ks.cfg-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8749 Feb 13 05:17 Install.log-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3161 Feb 13 05:15 install.log.syslog# "-H" needs to be combined with "-l" to be effective [[email protected] ~]# ls -hltotal 20K-RW-------. 1 root root 967 Feb 13 05:17 Anaconda-ks.cfg-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8.6K Feb 13 05:17 Install.log-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3.1K Feb 13 05:15 install.log.syslog# "-a" displays all contents [[Email protected] ~]# ls -altotal 56dr-xr-x---. 3 root root 4096 Feb 14 04:42 . #代表此目录dr-xr-xr-x. 22 root root 4096 feb 17 04:46  ... #代表上级目录-RW-------. 1 root root 967 feb 13 05:17 anaconda-ks.cfg ... Omit ... drwx------. 2 root root 4096 feb 14 04:52 .ssh-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 129 dec 4 2004 .tcshrc# "-D"-- directory View the directory itself data [[email protected] ~]# ls .sshauthorized_keys #这是. [[email file in SSH directory protected] ~]# ls -d .ssh.ssh #这是. SSHThe properties of the directory itself ====================================================================
CD "Change Directory"
Role: Changing the directory path
Common usage:
"CD", back to the login user home directory;
"CD [Path]", enter the target path;
"CD.", enter the parent directory;
"CD-", go to the last directory, equivalent to the back of Windows.
===================================================================== #command1; Command2, which represents command 1 and command 2 sequential execution [[email Protected] etc]# cd/etc; PWD #pwd命令是用来查看当前路径/etc[[email protected] etc]# CD. ; PWD #/etc's parent directory is//[[email protected]/]# cd-#又回到了/etc directory/etc[[email protected] etc]# cd; PWD #只输入 "CD" will enter the current user's home directory/root=====================================================================
Alias
Role: Command alias
Common usage:
Add alias,alias cmd= "command [options] ..."
View Alias,alias
===================================================================== View alias[[email protected] ~]# alias |grep ll #查询包含 "ll" of Aliasalias ll= ' ls -l -- Color=auto ' [[email protected] ~]# ll #使用ll和ls -l --color=auto effect TOTAL 20-RW-------. 1 root root 967 feb 13 05:17 anaconda-ks.cfg-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8749 feb 13 05:17 install.log-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3161 feb 13  05:15 INSTALL.LOG.SYSLOG[[EMAIL PROTECTED] ~]# LS -LTOTAL 20-RW-------. 1 root root 967 feb 13 05:17 anaconda-ks.cfg-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8749 feb 13 05:17 install.log-rw-r--r--. 1 root Root 3161 feb 13 05:15 install.log.syslog# added alias[[email protected] ~]# alias lll= "ls -l --color=auto " #设置alias [[email protected] ~]# alias | grep lll #查看aliasalias lll= ' Ls -l --color=auto ' [[email protected] ~]# lll #查看效果total  20-RW-------. 1 root root 967 Feb 13 05:17 Anaconda-ks.cfg-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8749 Feb 13 05:17 Install.log-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3161 Feb 13 05:15 install.log.syslog=====================================================================
#用alias命令增加alias只是临时生效的一种方法, once you exit the current terminal, it will expire. We can use the following method to make it permanent
===================================================================== #退出当前终端重新登录login as: rootserver refused our key[email protected] ' s password:last login: wed feb 18 04:29:13 2015 from unknown_c8-3a-35-2d-fc-60.gateway.2wire.net[[email protected] ~]# lll-bash: lll: command not found #bash告诉我们没有这个命令 [[email protected] ~]# alias |grep lll #查看一下alias, sure enough, there's no lll alias. # write to the. BASHRC hidden file in the user's home directory, making alias permanent [[email protected] ~]# Vi .bashrc****************************************************# .bashrc# user specific aliases and functionsalias rm= ' rm -i ' alias cp= ' cp -i ' alias mv= ' MV -i ' alias vi= ' vim ' alias lll= ' Ls -l --color=auto ' #Join LLL's Alias# source global definitionsif [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then . /etc/bashrcfi****************************************** [[email protected] ~]# . .bashrc #重新加载此配置文件 [[email protected] ~]# llltotal 20-RW-------. 1 root root 967 Feb 13 05:17 Anaconda-ks.cfg-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8749 Feb 13 05:17 Install.log-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3161 Feb 13 05:15 Install.log.syslog[[email protected] ~]# alias |grep lllalias lll= ' Ls -l --color=auto ' ====================================================================
#也可以写到/etc/profile, but this file is global, so for security, write in your own home directory. BASHRC is good.
To view command type commands
which
Function: View the full path of the command object only for external commands
Syntax: which command
====================================================================[[email protected] ~]# which lsalias ls= ' ls-- Color=auto ' #可以查到同名的alias/bin/ls #可以查到ls命令的路径 [[email protected] ~]# which CD #为何不能查看cd命令的 Path, because the CD is a bash internal command Yes/usr/bin/which:no CD in (/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/ BIN) #上面括号里的路径从何而来呢? [Email protected] ~]# echo $PATH/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin# It turns out to be the command path in the system variable path ====================================================================
Type
Function: View command type and information
Syntax: Type command
====================================================================[[email protected] ~]# type Lsls is aliased to ' ls --color=auto ' [[email protected] ~]# type CDCD is a shell builtin[[email protected] ~]# type Manman is hashed (/usr/bin/man ) #man是什么? Don't worry, look down ====================================================================.
#hashed Hash encryption, which is often said to have been hashed
Mans
Function: Online operation help manual for formatted display
Syntax: Man [chapter number] Command name
=============================================================================[[email protected] ~]# man ls*****************************************************************ls (1) User Commands ls (1) name ls - list directory Contentssynopsis ls [option]... [file] ... description list information about the files (The current directory by default) . sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvsux nor --sort. mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -a, --all do not ignore entries starting with . -a, -- Almost-all do not  LIST IMPLIED . AND&NBSP, .... --author with -l, print the author of each file:************ #ls的命令帮助, page up and down look at it =============================================================================
Shortcut key Actions
CTRL + C Cancel command
CTRL + Z Pause command
CTRL + a cursor to the beginning
Ctrl+e cursor to end of line
Ctrl+u Delete all characters before the cursor
Ctrl+k Delete all characters after cursor
Ctrl+l Clear Screen
Ctrl+d Sign Out = = Exit
Ctrl+s lock Command terminal, press any key will not react
CTRL+Q unlock Command terminal
#貌似我最常用的是Ctrl +c and Ctrl+l
This article is from the "30 Demon People" blog, please make sure to keep this source http://301ren.blog.51cto.com/8887653/1614796
Linux Basics: 6, Basic command Introduction (1), shortcut key operation