Linux Basics: 7, Basic Command Introduction (2)

Directory-related commands)

Mkdir

Role: Make directories Create directory

Syntax: mkdir [options] Directory name

Options:

-P Cascade Create directory if the target directory already exists without error

================================================================================== #1, directory files and ordinary files in the same directory are not duplicate, Because directory files and plain files are considered files under Linux [[Email protected] ~]# ls -l test1-rw-r--r--.  1  Root root 60 mar  4 23:17 test1[[email protected] ~]# mkdir  test1mkdir: cannot create directory  ' test1 ': Use of  file exists2,-p parameters [[email  protected] ~]# mkdir aa/bb/ccmkdir: cannot create directory  ' aa/bb/cc ': no such file or directory[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p  aa/bb/cc                # Plus-P parameter creation succeeded [[email protected] ~]# tree aa                           # Tree command, look at the directory structure AA└── BB&NBsp;   └── cc2directories, 0 files[[email protected] ~]# ls - Ld aadrwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 mar  5 02:44 aa[[email The  PROTECTED] ~]# MKDIR -P AA#AA directory already exists, but adding-P will not error the directory duplication and will not change the contents and properties of the AA directory ================= =================================================================

Rm

Function: Remove files or directories delete file

Syntax: RM [options] File name

Options:

-R recursive recursive delete directory file and its contents

-F force is forced to delete without prompting the user, even if the file does not exist

=================================================================================== #1,-r option [[email  Protected] ~]# ls ./dir1text1[[email protected] ~]# rm dir1rm: cannot  remove  ' Dir1 ': is a directory       #rm不加-r option cannot delete catalog file [[ email protected] ~]# rm -r dir1rm: descend into directory  ' Dir1 '?  yrm: remove regular empty file  ' Dir1/text1 '? yrm: remove  directory  ' Dir1 '?  y#2,-f option [[email protected] ~]# ls dir2test2[[email  protected] ~]# rm -rf dir2                     #并不会做任何提示, directly delete [[Email protected] ~]# ls  badls: cannot access bad: No such file or directory[[email  Protected] ~]# rm -f bad                       #bad文件并不存在, plus-f option will not prompt ================================================================ ===================

Cp

Role: Copy files and directories copying a file

Syntax: CP [option] source file/directory destination file/directory

Options:

-R Recursive replication directory and its contents

-P preserves file timestamp, owner, permission, and other information

================================================================================== #1,-r option [[email  Protected] ~]# ls -l dir3total 0-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 0  mar  5 04:34 test3[[email protected] ~]# cp dir3 dir4cp:  omitting directory  ' Dir3 ' [[Email protected] ~]# cp -r dir3 dir4[[email  protected] ~]# ls -l dir4total 0-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 0  Mar  5 04:35 test3       #可以看出来test3文件的时间戳改变了 # #,-P option [[ EMAIL PROTECTED] HOME]# LL /HOMETOTAL 4DRWX------.  2 nagios nagios  4096 mar  4 04:36 nagios[[email protected] home]# cp -rp  /HOME/NAGIOS /TMP/[[EMAIL PROTECTED] HOME]# LL -D /TMP/NAGIOSDRWX------.  2 nagios nagios 4096 mar  4 04:36 /tmp/nagios   #保留了属主, group, time and authority =========================== =======================================================

Mv

Action: Move (rename) files moving (renaming) file

Syntax: MV [options] source file/directory destination file/directory

Options:

-F force does not prompt when overwriting files

========================================================================= =========== #1,-f options [[Email protected] dir4]# ll test*-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  0 mar  5 04:35 test3-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 0 mar   5 04:53 test4[[email protected] dir4]# mv test3 test4mv:  overwrite  ' test4 '? n                       #因为test4已存在, so you will be prompted to overwrite [[email protected] dir4]#  Mv -f test3 test4[[email protected] dir4]# ll test*-rw-r--r--.  1  root root 0 mar  5 04:35 test4  #查看结果, Test4 has been overwritten ======================== ============================================================

Document commands)

Touch

Action: You can modify the file time parameter and create it when the touch target file does not exist.

Syntax: Touch filename

PS: Time parameter contains

Atime:accesstime access time;

Mtime:modifytime Modify content time;

Ctime:changetime changing the file permission time

=============================================================================== #1, modify time parameters [[email protected ] ~]# stat test11        #查看test11文件的状态信息   file:   ' test11 '   Size: 3                blocks: 8          io block:  4096   regular filedevice: 802h/2050d      inode:  12121       Links: 1Access:  (0644/-rw-r--r--)    uid:  (    0/    root)    Gid:  (     0/    root) Access: 2015-03-05 04:44:01.088979285 +0800modify:  2015-03-05 04:43:53.537979166 +0800change: 2015-03-05 04:43:53.537979166 +0800[ [EMAIL PROTECTED]&Nbsp;~]# touch test11       #touch一下 [[email protected] ~]#  stat test11        #再看一下, found three time changes   File:  ' test11 '   Size: 3                Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096    regular filedevice: 802h/2050d      inode: 12121        Links: 1Access:  (0644/-rw-r--r--)   Uid:  (     0/    root)    Gid:  (    0/     root) access: 2015-03-05 05:26:11.701977204 +0800modify: 2015-03-05  05:26:11.701977204 +0800change: 2015-03-05 05:26:11.701977204 +0800#2, create a regular file [email  protected] ~]# ll test*-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 3 Mar  5 05:26  Test11-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 6 Mar  5 04:44 test22[[email  Protected] ~]# touch test33[[email protected] ~]# ll test*-rw-r--r--.   1 root root 3 mar  5 05:26 test11-rw-r--r--.  1 root  Root 6 mar  5 04:44 test22-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 0 mar   5 05:28 test33========================================================================== ======

Cat

Function: View the contents of the document and output it in the terminal interface

Syntax: Cat filename

PS: You can enter characters that are hit on the keyboard by using cat > File

================================================================================[[email protected] ~]# cat > Test22hahahahagood #按下ctrl +d Exit [[email protected] ~]# cat test22hahahahagood===================== ===========================================================

Tac

Effect: The content order of the cat output is reversed

Syntax: TAC filename

More

Function: Split screen output document content, can page down to view.

Syntax: more filename

How to operate: press the SPACEBAR to turn the screen down

Less

Function: Split screen output document content, you can page up or down to view the line.

Syntax: less filename

Operation mode:

Press the SPACEBAR to turn the screen down;

Press up and down arrows to turn the line;

Press J, move down one line, press K, and move up one line;

Press CTRL+F, PAGE down;

Press CTRL+B, PAGE up;

Press Shift+g to go to the top of the document;

Press Shift+g to go to the bottom of the document.

Head

Function: Standard output document header n rows

Syntax: head [options] filename

Options:

-N Outputs the header of the document in rows (e.g. head-n number of rows Filename/head-number of rows filename)

PS: Without the-n parameter, the default output is the first 10 lines.

Tail

Function: standard output document trailing n rows

Syntax: tail [options] filename

Options:

-N Outputs the header of the document in rows (e.g. tail-n number of rows Filename/tail-number of rows filename)

-F Dynamic Display (when viewing a document, the output of the tail changes dynamically if the document content changes)

-F adds a-retry to the-f base, not commonly used.

PS: Without the-n parameter, the default output after 10 lines.

This article is from the "30 Demon People" blog, please make sure to keep this source http://301ren.blog.51cto.com/8887653/1617374

Linux Basics: 7, Basic Command Introduction (2)