Linux Command Basics

Linux Command Basics

. Experimental objectives

Skilled basic commands

. Experimental steps

1. Linux Command line Basics

[[email protected] ~]# ls//View list target content

[[email protected] ~]# ls-l//display in long format

[[email protected] ~]# ls-l/boot///Show boot content

[Email protected] ~]# ls-l/boot/root//

[[email protected] ~]# ls--color//show current directory

[Email protected] ~]# ls-l

[[email protected] ~]# ls-l-H//all lists, content size

[Email protected] ~]# LS-LH

[[email protected] ~]# ls-lhd/boot//home///Display directory properties and size

Tab key to practice yourself

Command Word tab/Path tab (/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts)/path debug

[Email protected] network-scripts]# shutdown \

> K \

> Now

[[Email protected] ~]# type help//internal

[email protected] ~]# Help

[[Email protected] ~]# type cd ls

[[email protected] ~]# Help CD

[[email protected] ~]# ls--help//view external command

[[email protected] ~]# manpath//man manual page storage location//help information

[[email protected] ~]# makewhatis//Generate Database

[Email protected] ~]# Whatis passwd

[[email protected] ~]# man-f passwd//View specific back passwd This command those format help

[[email protected] ~]# man 5 passwd//passwd file Help

2. Operation of the underlying command

[[Email protected] ~]# Date//View system time

Saturday, November 30, 2013 17:11:22 CST

[[Email protected]host ~]# Date 121009302013//month date hour minute year//mmddhhyyyy

December 10, 2013 Tuesday 09:30:00 CST

[Email protected] ~]# date +%y%m%d

20131210

[Email protected] ~]# date +%h:%m

09:33

[[email protected] ~]# Hwclock//View hardware time

August 20, 2014 Wednesday 11:31 45 sec -0.586464 seconds

[[Email protected] ~]# Date//View system time

Friday, October 10, 2014 12:34:32 CST

[[email protected] ~]# hwclock-w//The hardware clock is modulated to match the system clock

[[email protected] ~]# Hwclock//View hardware time

October 10, 2014 Friday 12:35 40 sec -0.289928 seconds

[[email protected] ~]# cal//view calendar information

[[email protected] ~]# cal 2012

[[email protected] ~]# Cal 8 2012

[[email protected] ~]# BC//Calculator

BC 1.06

Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, Free Software Foundation, Inc.

This is the free software with absolutely NO WARRANTY.

For details type ' warranty '.

8+3

11

10/2

5

10/3

3

scale=2

10/3

3.33

Quit

3. Basic management of directories and documents

[[email protected] ~]# pwd//Show me where I am (directory)

[Email protected] ~]# cd/etc/pki/ca/private/

[Email protected] private]# pwd

[[Email protected] private]# CD. Current directory

[Email protected] private]# pwd

[Email protected] private]# CD. Previous level Directory

[Email protected] ca]# pwd

[Email protected] ca]# CD.     /.. Previous level of the previous level of the catalog

[Email protected] etc]# pwd

[[Email protected] etc]# CD-//previous working directory

[Email protected] ca]# pwd

[[Email protected] ca]# CD ~//"Current user identity" home directory

[Email protected] ~]# pwd

[Email protected] ~]# cd/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

[[Email protected] network-scripts]# CD

[Email protected] ~]# pwd

[Email protected] ~]# cd/boot/

[[email protected] boot]# ls

[[email protected] boot]# ls-l//long format display

[[email protected] boot]# ls-a//Except not shown, and ... Directories, others are the same as-a

[[email protected] boot]# ls-a//view all files (including hidden files)

[[email protected] boot]# ls-ld/boot//directory Properties

[[email protected] boot]# ls-l//long format display

[[email protected] boot]# LS-LH//display information in byte units (K, M, etc.)

[[email protected] boot]# ls

[[email protected] boot]# ls-r//recursive display content

[Email protected] boot]# cd/opt/

[[email protected] opt]# ls

[[email protected] opt]# Touch file1.txt//new file

[[email protected] opt]# ls

[email protected] opt]# Touch file2.txt

[[email protected] opt]# ls

[email protected] opt]# Touch file3.txt

[[email protected] opt]# ls

[email protected] opt]# Touch filea.txt fileb.txt filec.txt

[email protected] opt]# Touch file12.txt

[email protected] opt]# Touch file123.txt

[email protected] opt]# Touch fileab.txt

[[email protected] opt]# ls

[[email protected] opt]# ls file*//* matches any number of characters

[[email protected] opt]# ls file? ?: Match a single character

[[email protected] opt]# ls file?????

[[email protected] opt]# ls file??. Txt

[[email protected] opt]# ls file?. Txt

[[email protected] opt]# ls

[[email protected] opt]# ls file[0-9].txt//[a-z]: matches multiple consecutive characters

In one of

[[email protected] opt]# ls file[0-9][0-9].txt//{a,min,xy}//matching connection

Continue multiple characters

[[email protected] opt]# ls file??. Txt

[[email protected] opt]# ls file{1,ab,12}.txt

[[email protected] opt]# ls file{1,ab,12,abc}.txt

########################################

[[email protected] opt]# du-sh/boot//etc/pki///File size

[[email protected] opt]# mkdir 1406//Create folder

[[email protected] opt]# ls

[Email protected] opt]# mkdir ABC mp4 mp3

[[email protected] opt]# ls

[[email protected] opt]# mkdir-p aaa/bbb/ccc/ddd//[/path/] Directory name

Recursive creation

[[email protected] opt]# Ls-r AAA

[Email protected] opt]# mkdir-p/test1 data/mp4 mp3

[Email protected] opt]# Ls-ld/test1/data/mp3

[Email protected] opt]# ls-l file1.txt

[email protected] opt]# Touch file1.txt

[Email protected] opt]# ls-l file1.txt

[Email protected] opt]# ls-l/sbin/network

[Email protected] opt]# ln-s/usr/sbin/system-config-network-tui

/sbin/network//Create links

[Email protected] opt]# ls-l/sbin/network

[Email protected] opt]# Ls/root/file1.txt

[[email protected] opt]# CP file1.txt/root///Copy file

[Email protected] opt]# Ls/root/file1.txt

[[email protected] opt]# ls

[email protected] opt]# CP aaa/root/

[Email protected] opt]# LS/ROOT/AAA

[[email protected] opt]# cp-r aaa/root///recursively copy entire directory

[Email protected] opt]# LS/ROOT/AAA

[Email protected] opt]# Ls/root/file1.txt

[email protected] opt]# CP file1.txt/root/

[[email protected] opt]# cp-f file1.txt/root///forced overlay not prompted

[[email protected] opt]# alias

[Email protected] opt]# Unalias CP

[[email protected] opt]# alias

[Email protected] opt]# cp-f file1.txt/root/

[Email protected] opt]# \cp-f file1.txt/root/

[[email protected] opt]# ls file2.txt

[[Email protected] opt]# RM file2.txt//delete file

[[email protected] opt]# ls file2.txt

[[email protected] opt]# ls mp4/

[Email protected] opt]# ls-ld mp4

[Email protected] opt]# RM mp4

[Email protected] opt]# rm-r mp4

. Result validation

. Summary of issues and experiences

1. Shortcut keys

Ctrl + u: emptying to the beginning of the line

Ctrl + K: Empty to end of line

Ctrl + L: Empty the entire screen

Ctrl + C: Discard the currently edited command line

2. Get Help commands

Type: View internal commands and external commands

Help internal command results appear builtion other external commands

External command--help

The man command is suitable for finding external commands, and if finding internal commands is the shell itself, the result is the same

# Manpath

# Makewhatis Build Database

# man-f keyword = # whatis keyword to see what format help is supported by this command followed by

Numbers can help us understand or directly query the relevant information

1 instructions or executable files

5 File formats

8 instructions available to system administrators

# man 5 passwd

3. View System aliases

Alias

# alias Byebye= "Shutdown-h Now" custom Alias

# Unalias Byebye de-alias

4. Create a soft link

Ln-s source Target (source must be an absolute path)

[Email protected] opt]# ln-s/usr/sbin/system-config-network-tui

/sbin/network//Create links

[Email protected] opt]# ln-s/usr/sbin/system-config-network-tui \

>/sbin/network

5. View the file directory size

Du-sh

6. View Files and directories

-A View all files (including hidden files)

-L = ll long format display

-LD Long Format Display directory

-LH display information in byte units (K, M, etc.)

-R recursive display of content

Wildcard characters:

*: matches any number of characters

?: Match a single character

[N-m]: matches one of several consecutive characters

{a,x,y}: matches multiple characters that are not contiguous

7. Date to view system time

Date +%y%m%d

Date +%h:%m

Date mmddhhmmyyyy

Hwclock Viewing hardware time

Hwclock-s adjust the system clock to match the hardware clock

Hwclock-w adjust the hardware clock to match the system clock

Cal View calendar Information

BC Calculator

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Linux Command Basics