Linux command: Find file Find tool locate command lookup

Find Introduction to Commands:    

Real-time, accurate, and support for many search criteria

Traverse all files in the specified directory to complete the lookup, slow;

1 . Command format:

Locate filename directly with the file you need to find eg locate passwd System file database all

The file that contains the passwd.

Find Find Path Lookup criteria finds a later processing action

Find path: Default to current directory

Lookup criteria: Default to all files under the specified path

Handling actions: Default to display on screen

Eg:find/etc-name passwd means to find a file named passwd in the ETC directory

2 . Command function:

Locate: (Find command)

Non-real-time, fuzzy matching, lookup is based on the system-wide file database;

# UpdateDB, manually generate the file database

Fast speed

Find

Realtime

Accurate

Support for many search criteria

Traverse all files in the specified directory to complete the lookup, slow;

3 . Command parameters:

-name ' FILENAME ': exact matching of file masterpieces

File name wildcard:

*: Any character of any length

?

[]

-iname ' filename ': file name matching is case insensitive

-regex PATTERN: File name matching based on regular expressions

-user USERNAME: Based on owner Lookup

-group GROUPNAME: Search by Genus Group

-uid UID: Search by UID

-gid GID: Search by GID

-nouser: Finding files that are not owned by the master

-nogroup: Finding files that are not owned by a group

-type Find/tmp-type D Find the directory file under/TMP including/TMP itself

F: Normal file

D: Catalog file

C: Character device file

B: Block device files

L: Link File

P: Piping Equipment files

S: Socket device file

-size [+|-] +10k indicates files greater than 10k -10k represent files less than 10k

Find/tmp-size 10k Indicates a file size of 10k under/TMP is found

Default unit is not specified, byte b

1k all less than 1k will be matched to, 1M all less than 1M will be matched to

#k k=kb #表示数字 k to lowercase

#M m=mb #表示数字 M Capital

#G G=GB #表示数字 G caps

Combination condition: If you do not specify a composition relationship when you find it, the default is the relationship

Find/tmp-nouser-a-type D-ls

Find/tmp-not-type d Find files that are not directories

-A: With

-O: Or

-not: Non-

Eg: look for a file that is not in the/tmp directory, is not a directory, and cannot be a socket type;

Find/tmp-not-type D-a-not-type S

eg: Find /tmp/test Directory, the owner is not user1, nor user2 files;

Find/tmp-not-user user1-a-not-user User2

* Equivalent to Find/tmp-not \ (-user user1-o-user user2 \)

* Keep in mind that space is required to separate

calculated by Time:

-mtime modification Time

-ctime Change Time

-atime Access Time

[+|-]# #表示数字 +5 means more than 5 days-5 means within five days

by number of minutes:

-mmin

-cmin

-amin

[+|-]# #表示数字 +5 means more than 5 minutes-5 means within 5 minutes

-perm MODE: Exact match-perm 644 means exact match, must be 644 permissions

/mode: Any one match that satisfies the condition-perm/644 means that as long as there is a match, you can

-mode: File permissions can fully contain this MODE only when the condition is met

-644

644:rw-r--r--

755:rwxr-xr-x

750:rwxr-x---

Find./-perm/022 indicates that a group or other person has write permission 0 to not make a match.

Find/-perm-001 Finding files with Execute permissions for other users

Action:

-print: Display (-print is also the default action, that is, do not specify the action is displayed by default)

-ls: Displays the details of each file in a form similar to Ls-l

-ok COMMAND {} \; Each operation requires the user to confirm that {} refers to the file found earlier

-exec COMMAND {} \;  no user confirmation required for each operation {} means reference to the file found earlier

Find./-type D-ok chmod +x {} \; Indicates that a directory file is found and given execute permissions

Find./-perm-020-ok mv {} {}.new \; Locate the file with the Write permission for the subordinate group in the current directory and modify its file name to the original file. New.

4 . Command instance:

1. Find all files in the/var directory under the master root and belong to the group mail;

Find/var-user root-a-group Mail

[Email protected] test]# Find/var-user root-a-group Mail

/var/spool/mail

2. Find files that do not belong to Root,bin or student in the/USR directory;

find/usr-not-user root-a-not-user bin-a-not-user student

or find/usr-not \ (-user root-o-user bin-o-user student \) Parentheses must have spaces around

[[email protected] usr]# find/usr-not \ (-user root-o-user bin-o-user student \)

/usr/libexec/abrt-action-install-debuginfo-to-abrt-cache

[Email protected] usr]# find/usr-not-user root-a-not-user bin-a-not-user Student

/usr/libexec/abrt-action-install-debuginfo-to-abrt-cache

3. Find files that have been modified in the last week and not belonging to root and student users in/etc directory;

find/etc-mtime-7-a-not \ (-user root-o-user student \)

or find/etc-mtime-7-a-not-user root-a-not-user Student

4. Find files on the current system that are not owned by the master or group and have been visited in the last 1 days, and

The genus Group is changed to root;

Find/\ (-nouser-o-nogroup \)-a-atime-1-exec chown root:root {} \;

5. Find files larger than 1M in/etc directory and write their filenames to/tmp/etc.largefiles files;

find/etc-size +1m >>/tmp/etc.largefiles

[Email protected] ~]# find/etc-size +1m >>/tmp/etc.largefiles

[Email protected] ~]# Cat/tmp/etc.largefiles

/etc/selinux/targeted/modules/active/policy.kern

/etc/selinux/targeted/policy/policy.24

6, look for all the users in/etc directory do not have permission to write files, display its detailed information;

Find/etc-not-perm/222-ls

[Email protected] ~]# Find/etc-not-perm/222-ls

493 4-r--r-----1 root root 4002 March 2 2012/etc/sudoers

2279 4----------1 root root 2541 October 23:10/etc/shadow

960 4-r--r--r--1 root root 460 August 2013/etc/dbus-1/system.d/cups.conf

523 172-r--r--r--1 root root 172980 October 08:25/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/java/cacerts

519 308-r--r--r--1 root root 314336 October 08:24/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/ca-bundle.trust.crt

521 184-r--r--r--1 root root 185220 October 08:25/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/email-ca-bundle.pem

520 228-r--r--r--1 root root 232342 October 08:24/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/tls-ca-bundle.pem

522 184-r--r--r--1 root root 185023 October 08:25/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/objsign-ca-bundle.pem

4----------1 root root 2415 October 23:10/etc/shadow-

4----------1 root root 829 October 23:10/etc/gshadow-

1091 4-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 2134 November 2013/etc/rc.d/init.d/lvm2-lvmetad

1092 4-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 2665 November 2013/etc/rc.d/init.d/lvm2-monitor

1090 4-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 1340 November 2013/etc/rc.d/init.d/blk-availability

129 4----------1 root root 841 October 23:10/etc/gshadow

1149 4-r--r--r--1 root root 324 November 2013/etc/ld.so.conf.d/kernel-2.6.32-431.el6.i686.conf

962 4-r--r--r--1 root root 146 August 2013/etc/pam.d/cups

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Linux command: Find file Find tool locate command lookup