1. Directory Operations:
(1) CD (Switch directory)
CD ~ Back to home directory
CD Back to home directory
Cd.. Back to top directory
CD-Go back to the directory just now
Cd/var/spool/mail Absolute Path
Cd.. /mqueue relative Path (written by/var/spool/mail to/var/spool/mqueue)
(2) PWD (show current directory)
PWD Displays the current directory
PWD-P Displays the current directory (does not display the data for the connected file, but displays the correct full path)
(3) mkdir (Create a new directory)
Mkdir-p Test1/test2/test3 Creating a multi-tiered catalog
MKDIR-M 777 test2 New Permissions 777 Directory
(4) RmDir (delete an empty directory)
RmDir Test Delete empty folder test
Rmdir-p TEST1/TEST2/TEST3 Delete Test1/test2/test3
2. File and Directory Management
(1) View file directory (LS)
Ls-a list all files, including hidden files
LS-A lists all files, including hidden files, not included. With the. Two directories
LS-D lists only the directory itself, not including the file data
LS-L lists long strings of data, including file attributes and permissions
Ls-r Sort by File size
Ls-t Sorting by Time
LS--color=never not display color (always display color, Auto automatically judge)
LS--full-time output in full time mode
(2) Copy, delete and move (CP,RM,MV)
Cp-a/var/log/wtmp wtmp_test Copy all of the file's features past
Cp/var/log/wtmp. Copy to current directory
Cp-i if the target file exists, the overwrite asks for the action
Cp-p is copied along with the file attributes
Replication of the Cp-r directory
cp-d If the source file is a property of a connection file, copy the connection file properties, not the connection file itself
Cp-s copy becomes a symbolic connection file
Rm-i Interactive mode, ask the user whether to operate before deleting
Rm-f ignore files that do not exist, no warning message appears
Rm-r Recursive deletion
Mv-f if the destination file exists, it will not be queried and overwritten directly
Mv-i if the destination file exists, ask whether to overwrite
Mv-u if the destination file exists and the source is newer, overwrite
(3) Get path file name and directory name
Basename/etc/systemd/network get the last file name (network)
Dirname/etc/systemd/network Get directory name (/ETC/SYSTEMD)
3. Document Content Review
(1) View the contents of the file directly
Cat starts displaying content from the first line
Cat-a full display with special characters
Cat-b List line numbers (blank lines do not mark line numbers)
Cat-n Print travel numbers (including blank lines)
TAC reverse display, contrary to cat
NL Add line number print
Nl-b A prints travel numbers (including blank lines), similar to Cat-n
Nl-b T If there is a blank line, the line number is not listed in the empty row
Nl-n Ln Row number on screen sitting side display
Nl-n RN line number is displayed to the right of the field without adding 0
Nl-n RZ line number appears to the right of the field, plus 0
Nl-w 3 line Number Default field changed to 3-bit
(2) Can flip view
More/etc/manpath.config View file information (Space page, enter key scroll down one line,/String down query,: F immediately display the file name and the current number of lines displayed, B back page, Q left)
Less/etc/manpath.config View file information (space/pageup up, pagedown down,/String down query,? query string up, n repeat query, n reverse repeat, Q left)
(3) Data selection
Head-n 10/etc/manpath.config Display the first 10 rows (without the-n 10 is also the default display of the first 10 lines)
Head-n -10/etc/manpath.config Display all previous lines, excluding the following 10 rows
Tail-n 20/etc/manpath.config Show last 20 rows
Tail-n +20/etc/manpath.config shows all subsequent lines, excluding the first 20 rows
Tail-f continuously detects the number of rows until CTRL + C is pressed
(4) Non-text files
Od-t a default character output
OD-T C ASCII character output
Od-t d decimal output (f floating point, o octal, x hex)
Od-t occ/etc/issue octal list of stored values and ASCII tables
(5) Modify the file time or create a new file
Touch test Create a new file test
Touch-a Modifying access times
Touch-c only modifies file time and does not create a new file if the file does not exist
Touch-m modifying Mtime
touch-d "2 days ago" test test file date adjusted to two day ago
TOUCH-T 1503151820 test test file time adjusted to 2015.3.15 18:20
4. Default permissions and Hidden permissions
Umask 002 Default Permissions Remove the W permission for other people's permissions
Chattr +i Test Sets the hidden properties of the test file (cannot be deleted, renamed, written to add data, only the root user can set)
Chattr +a Test Sets the hidden properties of the test file (only data can be added, cannot be deleted, modified, only the root user can set)
Chattr-a test cancels the hidden properties of the test file
LSATTR test show test File hidden properties
File Test View Files type
5. Command-and-file queries
Which ifconfig find the full file name of the Ifconfig command
Whereis ifconfig Looking for ifconfig this file
Locate ifconfig looking for files related to Ifconfig
Find/etc-mtime 3 3 days before the day the document was changed
Find/etc-mtime-3 documents changed within 3 days (excluding 3rd day)
Find/etc-mtime +3 3 days ago (excluding the 3rd day)
FIND/ETC-NEWER/ETC/PASSWD looking for/etc under passwd date new file and list
Find/-nouser Find files that are not owned by anyone in the system
Find/home-user root looking for files that belong to root under/home
Find/etc-name Test Search/etc file named Test
Find/-size +100k find files larger than 100k in the system
Find/-size +100k-exec ls-l {} \; List the files found above with Ls-l
Linux commands, files and directories (Cp,pwd,mkdir,rmdir;ls,cp,rm,mv,basename,dirname;cat,tac,more,less,head,tail,touch,umask,chattr, File,which,locate,find)