Linux Common Command Daquan

System Information The processor architecture of the Arch Display Machine (1) UNAME-M display the processor architecture of the Machine (2) uname-r display the kernel version dmidecode-q display hardware system parts-(SMBIOS/DMI) hdparm-i/dev/ HDA lists the architecture characteristics of a disk HDPARM-TT/DEV/SDA perform a test read operating system information on disk the processor architecture of the Arch Display Machine (1) UNAME-M displays the processor architecture of the Machine (2) uname-r shows the kernel version in use Dmide  CODE-Q Display hardware system components-(SMBIOS/DMI) hdparm-i/dev/hda A list of the architecture characteristics of a disk HDPARM-TT/DEV/SDA perform a test read operation on disk Cat/proc/cpuinfo display CPU Info cat/proc/interrupts Show interrupt cat/proc/meminfo check memory use Cat/proc/swaps show which swap is used cat/proc/version show kernel version Cat/pro C/net/dev Display network adapter and statistics cat/proc/mounts display loaded file system Lspci-tv list PCI device LSUSB-TV display USB device date display system Dates Cal 2007 Show 2007 Calendar table Date 041217002007.00 sets the day and time of the month. Seconds clock-w save time changes to BIOS shutdown (System shutdown, restart, and logout) Shutdown-h now shutdown system (1) INIT 0 shutdown system (2) Te Linit 0 Shut down System (3) shutdown-h Hours:minutes & Shut down system by scheduled time Shutdown-c cancel system shutdown on scheduled time Shutdown-r now restart (1) reboot restart (2) Logou t unregister files and directories Cd/home enter '/home ' directory ' CD. Go back to the top level directory CD. /.. Return to top level two directory CD enter personal home directory CD ~user1 enter personal home directory CD-back to the last directory where PWD displays the work path LS view the file in the directory ls-f view DirectoryFile Ls-l displays file and directory details ls-a show hidden files ls *[0-9]* display file name and directory name containing numbers tree display files and directories starting with the root directory (1) lstree Display files and directories tree structure starting with the root directory (2) MKD IR dir1 Create a directory called ' Dir1 ' mkdir dir1 dir2 simultaneously create two directories mkdir-p/tmp/dir1/dir2 create a directory tree rm-f file1 Delete a file called ' File1 ' rmdir Dir1 Delete a directory called ' Dir1 ' rm-rf dir1 Delete a directory called ' Dir1 ' and delete its contents RM-RF dir1 dir2 simultaneously delete two directories and their contents MV Dir1 new_dir rename/move a directory CP file1 file2 Copy a file CP dir/*. Copy all files under a directory to the current working directory Cp-a/tmp/dir1. Copy a directory to the current working directory cp-a dir1 dir2 copy a directory ln-s file1 lnk1 Create a soft link to a file or directory ln file1 lnk1 Create a physical link to a file or directory touch-t 0712250000 F Ile1 Modify the timestamp of a file or directory-(YYMMDDHHMM) file file1 outputs the MIME type of the file as text iconv-l lists the known encodings Iconv-f fromencod Ing-t toencoding inputfile > OutputFile creates a new from the given input file by assuming it's encoded in fromencod ing and converting it to toencoding. Find. -maxdepth 1-name *.jpg-print-exec Convert "{}"-resize 80x60 "thumbs/{}" \; Batch resize files in the current directory and send them to a thumbnailsDirectory (requires convert from Imagemagick) file search Find/-name file1 from '/' Start into root file system search files and directories find/-user user1 search belongs to user ' us Er1 ' files and directories find/home/user1-name \*.bin in directory '/home/user1 ' search for files with '. bin ' at the end of Find/usr/bin-type f-atime +100 searches in the last 100 days Find/usr/bin-type f-mtime-10 search for files created or modified within 10 days Find/-name \*.rpm-exec chmod 755 ' {} ' \; Search for files ending with '. RPM ' and define their permissions find/-xdev-name \*.rpm search for files ending with '. RPM ', ignoring the removable devices such as optical drives, locate \*.ps looking for files ending with '. ps '-run ' update first ' DB ' command Whereis halt displays the location of a binary file, source code, or man which halt displays the full path of a binary file or executable mount a file system mount/dev/hda2/mnt/hda2 mount a disk called Hda2- OK directory '/mnt/hda2 ' already exists umount/dev/hda2 uninstall a disk called Hda2-first from Mount point '/mnt/hda2 ' exit fuser-km/mnt/hda2 Force uninstall when device is busy umount-n/mnt /hda2 run unload operation without writing/etc/mtab file-very useful when the file is read-only or when the disk is full mount/dev/fd0/mnt/floppy mount a floppy disk mount/dev/cdrom/mnt/cdrom mount a CDROM or D  Vdrom Mount/dev/hdc/mnt/cdrecorder mount a CDRW or dvdrom mount/dev/hdb/mnt/cdrecorder mount a CDRW or dvdrom Mount-o loop file.iso /mnt/cdrom mount a file or ISO image file Mount-t VFAT/DEV/HDA5/MNT/HDA5 mount a Windows FAT32 file system Mount/dev/sda1/mnt/usbdisk mount a USB disc or flash device mount-t smbfs-o Username=user, Password=pass//winclient/share/mnt/share mount a Windows network shared disk space Df-h displays the list of partitions that have been mounted LS-LSR |more arrange files and directories in size Du-sh dir1 estimate Calculate directory ' Dir1 ' already used disk space ' Du-sk * | SORT-RN displays the size of the file and directory according to capacity rpm-q-a--qf '%10{size}t%{name}n ' | SORT-K1,1N the space used by the installed RPM package (Fedora, Redhat class System) dpkg-query-w-f= ' ${installed-size;10}t${package}n ' on a per-size basis | SORT-K1,1N Displays the space used by the installed Deb package on a size basis (Ubuntu, Debian system) return top index ^ users and groups Groupadd Group_name create a new user group Groupdel group_name Delete a User group Groupmod-n new_group_name old_group_name Rename a user group useradd-c "name Surname"-G admin-d/home/user1-s/bin/bash use R1 Create a user belonging to the "admin" user group Useradd user1 create a new user Userdel-r user1 delete a user ('-R ' exclude home directory) usermod-c "User FTP"-G system-d/F  Tp/user1-s/bin/nologin User1 Modify user Properties passwd Modify password passwd user1 modify a user's password (root only) chage-e 2005-12-31 user1 set the expiration period of the user's password PWCK check the '/etc/passwd ' file format and syntax corrections as well as the presence of user grpck check '/etc/passwd ' file format and syntax corrections as well as the presence of the group Newgrp group_name login into a new group to change the preset group of the newly created file to return to the top index ^ file permissions-use "+" to set permissions, use "-" to suppress LS-LH display permissions ls /tmp | Pr-t5-w$columns divides the terminal into 5 columns to display chmod ugo+rwx Directory1 The owner of the Directory (U), Group (g), and others (O) to read (R), write (W), and execute (x) permissions chmod GO-RWX Director Y1 Delete Group (g) Read and write execution permissions to the directory with others (O) chown user1 file1 Change the Owner property of a file Chown-r user1 directory1 Change the owner property of a directory and change the properties of all files in the directory at the same time CHGRP GR Oup1 file1 change a file's group Chown user1:group1 File1 Change the owner and group properties of a file Find/-perm-u+s lists all files in a system that use Suid control chmod u+s/bin/file1 Set SUID bit of a binary file-the user who is running the file is also given the same permissions as the owner chmod u-s/bin/file1 Disable SUID bits of a binary chmod g+s/home/public setting a directory Sgid bit-similar to Su ID, but this is the chmod g-s/home/public Disable a directory for the SGID bit chmod o+t/home/public set a file STIKY bit-only allow legitimate owners to delete files chmod o-t/home/ Public disable the STIKY bit of a directory returns the special properties of the top index ^ file-use "+" to set permissions, use "-" to cancel Chattr +a file1 only allow append to read and write files chattr +c file1 allow this file to be automatically enabled by the kernel Compression/Decompression chattr +d file1 when making a file system backup, the DUMP program ignores the file chattr +i File1 is set to an immutable file, cannot be deleted, modified, renamed, or linked chattr +s file1 allows a file to be safely deleted cha TTR +s File1 Once the application processWrite to this file, so that the system immediately writes the result of the modification to disk chattr +u file1 If the file is deleted, the system will allow you to restore the deleted file later lsattr display special properties return to the top index ^ packing and compressing files bunzip2 file1.bz2 Unzip a file called ' file1.bz2 ' bzip2 file1 compress a file called ' file1 ' gunzip file1.gz unzip a file called ' file1.gz ' gzip file1 compress a file called ' File1 ' Gzi p-9 file1 maximum compression rar A File1.rar test_file create a package called ' File1.rar ' rar a file1.rar file1 file2 dir1 while compressing ' file1 ', ' file2 ' to and directory ' Dir1 ' rar x file1.rar decompression rar package Unrar x file1.rar decompression rar package TAR-CVF Archive.tar file1 Create a non-compressed tarball TAR-CVF Archive.ta R file1 file2 dir1 create a file containing ' file1 ', ' file2 ' and ' Dir1 ' TAR-TF archive.tar Show content in a package TAR-XVF Archive.tar release a package tar-x VF ARCHIVE.TAR-C/TMP releases the compressed package into the/tmp directory TAR-CVFJ archive.tar.bz2 dir1 Create a BZIP2-format compressed package TAR-XVFJ archive.tar.bz2 unzip a bzip2 lattice Compressed Package TAR-CVFZ archive.tar.gz Dir1 Create an gzip-formatted compression package TAR-XVFZ archive.tar.gz Unzip an gzip compressed package zip file1.zip file1 Create a zip-format compression Shrink Package zip-r file1.zip file1 file2 dir1 Several files and directories are compressed into a zip-format compressed package Unzip File1.zip extract a zip-format compression package back to the top index ^RPM package-(Fedora, Redhat and similar systems) RPM-IVH PACKAGE.RPM Install an RPM package RPM-IVH--nodeeps package.rpm Install an RPM package and ignore the dependency warning Rpm-u package.rpm Update an RPM package without changing its configuration file rpm-f package.rpm update an accurate Install RPM Package Rpm-e package_name.rpm Remove an RPM package Rpm-qa display all installed RPM packages in the system Rpm-qa | grep httpd shows all RPM packages with the words "httpd" in their names Rpm-qi package_name get special information about an installed package RPM-QG "System environment/daemons" to display RPM packages for a component R PM-QL Package_name displays a list of files provided by an already installed RPM package RPM-QC Package_name shows a list of profiles provided by an installed RPM package rpm-q package_name--whatrequires display A list of dependencies that exist with a RPM package rpm-q package_name--whatprovides shows the volume of an RPM package rpm-q package_name--scripts shows scripts executed during installation/removal L RPM-Q p Ackage_name--changelog shows the modification history of a RPM package rpm-qf/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf the given file is provided by which RPM package RPM-QP package.rpm-l display by a not yet Installed RPM package provided file list rpm--import/media/cdrom/rpm-gpg-key Import public key digital certificate rpm--checksig package.rpm confirm an RPM package integrity Rpm-qa Gpg-pubkey Verify the integrity of all RPM packages installed rpm-v package_name Check file size, license, type, owner, group, MD5 check, and last modified time Rpm-va check all installed RPM packages in the system-use RPM-VP package.rpm carefully An RPM package is not yet installed Rpm2cpio package.rpm | Cpio--extract--make-directories *bin* run executable from an RPM package rpm-ivh/usr/src/redhat/rpms/' arch '/package.rpm install a built-in package from a RPM source Rpmbuild--rebuild Package_ name.src.rpm build an RPM package from a RPM source to return to the top index ^yum package upgrade-(Fedora, Redhat and similar systems) yum install package_name download and install a RPM package Yum Locali Nstall package_name.rpm will install a RPM package that uses your own software repository to resolve all dependencies for you yum update package_name.rpm updates all installed RPM packages in the current system Yum update Package_ Name update a RPM package yum remove package_name Delete an RPM package Yum list lists all packages installed in the current system Yum Search Package_name Search package in rpm repository Yum clean packa GES cleanup RPM Cache Delete downloaded package yum Clean headers Remove all header files Yum Clean all delete all cached packages and header files Return Top index ^deb package (Debian, Ubuntu and similar systems) Dpkg-i Packa Ge.deb Install/update a deb package dpkg-r package_name remove a deb package from the system dpkg-l display all installed Deb packages in the system Dpkg-l |  grep httpd displays all of the Deb packages with the words "httpd" in their names dpkg-s package_name get information on a special package already installed in the system dpkg-l package_name display a list of files provided by a Deb package already installed in the system Dpkg--contents Package.deb shows a list of files provided by a package that has not yet been installed Dpkg-s/bin/ping confirm which Deb package the given file is provided back to top index ^APT software tools (Debian, Ubuntu, and similar systems ) apt-get Install Package_name installs/updates a Deb package apt-cdrom install Package_name Install/update a deb package from CD apt-get update upgrade list of packages Apt-get upgrade upgrade all installed software Apt-get remove package_name a deb package from the system Apt-get check confirms that the dependent software warehouse is correct apt-get clean the cache from the downloaded package Apt-cache search Searched-package returns the package name containing the string to be searched returns the top index ^ view file contents C At File1 starting from the first byte forward viewing the contents of a file TAC File1 to view the contents of a file in reverse from the last line more file1 view the contents of a long file less file1 similar to the ' more ' command, but it allows the same reverse as the forward operation in the file Action head-2 File1 View the first two lines of a file Tail-2 file1 view the last two lines of a file tail-f/var/log/messages real-time viewing of content added to a file return top index ^ text processing cat File1 fi Le2 ... |  Command <> File1_in.txt_or_file1_out.txt general syntax for text manipulation using PIPE, STDIN and STDOUT cat file1 | Command (SED, grep, awk, grep, etc ...) > Result.txt Merge the detailed description text of a file and write the introduction to a new file in Cat File1 | Command (SED, grep, awk, grep, etc ...) >> Result.txt Merge The detailed description text of a file and write an introduction to an existing file in grep aug/var/log/messages in file '/V Ar/log/messages ' Find the keyword "^aug/var/log/messages" grep in the file '/var/log/messages ' to find the word grep starting with "" [0-9]/var/log/ Messages Select all the lines in the '/var/log/messages ' file that contain numbers GREP aug-r/var/log/* in the directory '/var/log ' and subsequent directories search for the string "" sed ' s/stringa1/stringa2/g ' example.txt replace the Example.txt file with "string1" into "string2" sed '/^$/d ' example.txt remove all blank lines from the example.txt file sed '/*#/d; /^$/d ' Example.txt Remove all comments and blank lines from the Example.txt file echo ' Esempio ' |  TR ' [: Lower:] ' [: Upper:] ' merge up and down cell contents sed-e ' 1d ' result.txt exclude first line from file Example.txt sed-n '/stringa1/p ' view rows containing only the word "string1"  Sed-e ' s/*$//' example.txt delete the last white space character of each line sed-e ' s/stringa1//g ' example.txt remove only the word "string1" from the document and leave all remaining sed-n ' 1,5p;5q ' Example.txt view from the first line to the 5th row sed-n ' 5p;5q ' example.txt view line 5th sed-e ' s/00*/0/g ' example.txt replace multiple 0 cat-n file1 with a single 0 number of lines in the file C At Example.txt | awk ' nr%2==1 ' deletes all even lines in the Example.txt file echo a b C | awk ' {print '} ' view one row first column echo a b C | awk ' {print $1,$3} ' view the first and third columns of a row paste file1 file2 merge two files or two columns of content paste-d ' + ' file1 file2 merge two files or two columns of content, with "+" in the middle to distinguish sort file1 f Ile2 sort the contents of two files sort file1 file2 | Uniq Remove the set of two files (duplicate lines retain only one copy) sort file1 file2 | Uniq-u Delete intersection, leave other lines sort file1 file2 | Uniq-d Remove the intersection of two files (leaving only the text that exists in two filesPieces) comm-1 file1 file2 Compare the contents of two files only delete the contents of ' File1 ' comm-2 file1 file2 Compare the contents of two files only delete the contents of ' File2 ' comm-3 file1 file2 compare two The contents of the file are deleted only two files in common part return top index ^ character set and file format conversion Dos2unix filedos.txt fileunix.txt Convert a text file format from Msdos to UNIX Unix2dos fileunix.txt Filedos.txt converts the format of a text file from UNIX to Msdos Recode. HTML < page.txt > page.html Convert a text file to HTML Recode-l | More display all allowed conversion formats Return top index ^ file system analysis Badblocks-v/dev/hda1 check for bad magnetic blocks on disk hda1 fsck/dev/hda1 repair/Check the integrity of the Linux file system on the HDA1 disk fsck.ext2/d EV/HDA1 Repair/Check the integrity of ext2 file system on HDA1 disk E2FSCK/DEV/HDA1 repair/check hda1 file system integrity ext2 E2FSCK-J Repair/ Check the integrity of the Ext3 file system on the HDA1 disk FSCK.EXT3/DEV/HDA1 repair/check ext3 file system integrity on HDA1 disk FSCK.VFAT/DEV/HDA1 repair/Check the integrity of the FAT file system on the HDA1 disk FSCK.MSDOS/DEV/HDA1 Repair/Check the integrity of the DOS file system on the HDA1 disk DOSFSCK/DEV/HDA1 repair/Check the integrity of the DOS file system on the HDA1 disk return top index ^ initialize a file system mkfs/dev/hda1 Create a file system on the HDA1 partition mke2fs/dev/hda1 create a Linux ext2 file system on the HDA1 partition mke2fs-j/dev/hda1 Create a Linux hda1 (journaled) file system ext3 VF in MKFS-T partition At 32-f/dev/hda1 Create a FAT32 file system fdformat-n/dev/fd0 format a floppy disk Mkswap/dev/hda3 Create a swap file system returns the top index ^swap file system Mkswap/dev/hda3 Create a swap file system Swapon/dev/hda3 enable a new swap file system SWAPON/DEV/HDA2/DEV/HDB3 enabled Two swap partitions return top index ^ backup dump-0aj-f/tmp/home0.bak/home Make a full backup of the '/home ' directory dump-1aj-f/tmp/home0.bak/home make a '/home ' Interactive backup of the directory Restore-if/tmp/home0.bak restore an interactive backup Rsync-rogpav--delete/home/tmp Both sides of the directory rsync-rogpav-e SSH--delete/hom  E ip_address:/tmp synchronizes a remote directory to the local directory via SSH and compression via the SSH channel rsync rsync-az-e ssh--delete ip_addr:/home/public/home/local Rsync-az -E ssh--delete/home/local ip_addr:/home/public synchronization of local directories to remote directory dd bs=1m If=/dev/hda via SSH and compression | gzip | SSH [email protected]_addr ' dd of=hda.gz ' performs a backup of the local disk operation on the remote host via SSH DD IF=/DEV/SDA of=/tmp/file1 backup disk contents to a file Tar- Puf Backup.tar/home/user performs an interactive backup operation on the '/home/user ' directory (cd/tmp/local/&& tar c.) | ssh-c [email protected]_addr ' cd/home/share/&& tar x-p ' Copy a directory content (Tar c/home) from the remote directory via SSH | ssh-c [email protected]_addr ' cd/home/backup-home && tar x-p ' via SSH in remoteDirectory, copy a local directory tar CF-. | (cd/tmp/backup; tar xf-) copy a directory locally to another place, leaving the original permissions and links find/home/user1-name ' *.txt ' | Xargs Cp-av--target-directory=/home/backup/--parents Find and copy all files ending with '. txt ' from one directory to another directory find/var/log-name ' *.log ' | Tar CV--files-from=-| bzip2 > log.tar.bz2 Find all files ending with '. Log ' and make a bZIP package dd If=/dev/hda of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1 do an MBR (Master Boot Record ) content copied to floppy disk action dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/dev/hda bs=512 count=1 restore MBR content from a backup that has been saved to a floppy disk return top index ^ disc cdrecord-v gracetime=2 Dev=/dev/cdro M-eject Blank=fast-force empty a rewritable disc content Mkisofs/dev/cdrom > Cd.iso Create an ISO image file of a disc on disk Mkisofs/dev/cdrom |  Gzip > Cd_iso.gz Create a compressed disc ISO image file on disk mkisofs-j-allow-leading-dots-r-V "Label CD"-iso-level 4-o./cd.iso data_cd Create an ISO image file for a directory cdrecord-v dev=/dev/cdrom cd.iso burning an ISO image file Gzip-dc cd_iso.gz | Cdrecord Dev=/dev/cdrom-Burn a compressed ISO image file Mount-o loop cd.iso/mnt/iso mount an ISO image file Cd-paranoia-b from one CD to the audio track to the WAV file CD -paranoia--"-3" from a CD to the audio track to the WAV file (parameter-3) Cdrecord--scanbus scan bus to identify SCSI channel DD IF=/DEV/HDC | Md5sum Verify the md5sum encoding of a device, such as a CD return top index ^ network-(Ethernet and WiFi wireless) ifconfig eth0 Show the configuration of an Ethernet card ifup eth0 enable a ' eth0 ' network device ifdown eth0 Disable a ' eth0 ' network device ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 control IP address ifconfig eth0 promisc set ' eth0 ' into promiscuous mode to sniff packets (sniff  ing) dhclient eth0 in DHCP mode enable ' eth0 ' route-n Show routing table route add-net 0/0 GW ip_gateway Configura default Gateway Route add-net 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 GW 192.168.1.1 Configure static route to reach network ' 192.168.0.0/16 ' ro Ute del 0/0 GW ip_gateway remove static route echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward activate IP routing hostname sho w hostname of system host www.example.com lookup hostname to resolve name to IP address and viceversa (1) nslookup Www.exam Ple.com lookup hostname To resolve name to IP address and viceversa (2) IP link Show Show link status of all interfaces Mii -tool eth0 Show link status of ' eth0 ' Ethtool eth0 Show statistics of network card ' eth0 ' Netstat-tup Show All ACtive Network Connections and their PID NETSTAT-TUPL show all network services listening on the system and their PID TCPD UMP TCP port Show all HTTP traffic iwlist Scan Show wireless networks Iwconfig eth1 show configuration of a wireless NE Twork card hostname show hostname host www.example.com lookup hostname to resolve name to IP address and viceversa Nslooku P www.example.com Lookup hostname to resolve name to IP address and viceversa whois www.example.com lookup on whois databa Se GO TOP INDEX ^ Microsoft Windows Networks (SAMBA) Nbtscan ip_addr NetBIOS name resolution NMBLOOKUP-A IP_ADDR NetBIOS Name resolution SMBCLIENT-L Ip_addr/hostname Show remote shares of a Windows host SMBGET-RR smb://ip_addr/share like WGE T can download files from a host Windows via SMB mount-t smbfs-o username=user,password=pass//winclient/share/mnt/shar e mount a Windows network share

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Linux Common Command Daquan