Linux file system

File system and directory structure

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File system

1. Files and directories are organized into a single inverted number structure

2. File system starts from the root directory, denoted by "/"

3. root file System (ROOTFS): root filesystem

4. File names are case-sensitive

5. Files with a. Start as hidden files

6. Path delimiter:/

7. Two types of data for a file: metadata (metadata) and data

8. File System hierarchy: LSB (Linux standard Base)

9.FHS (Filesystem Hierarchy System)

File name rules

1. Maximum 255 bytes of file name

2. File names including paths up to 4,096 bytes

3. Display as Blue: Directory green: Executable file;

Red: Zip file light blue: Link file

Grey: Other Files

4. except/, all other characters are in effect, but use special characters for filenames and directories

Deprecated, some characters need quotation marks to refer to them.

5. Standard Linux file systems (such as EXT4), file names are case sensitive. Example: Mail,mail

File system Structure

/ Boot: boot file directory, kernel file (vmlinuz) and boot loader (bootleader) are stored in this directory

/bin: The underlying command for all users, cannot be associated to a separate partition, and the program that is used by the OS startup

/sbin:(Super Bin) manages the underlying commands for the class (for administrators to use), cannot be associated to separate partitions, programs that are used when the OS is started

/lib: Basic Shared library files that the program relies on at startup and kernel module files (/lib/modules)

/lib64: storage location for secondary shared library files dedicated to x86_64 systems

/etc: configuration file directory

/home/username: Normal User home directory

/root: Administrator's home directory

Media: Portable mobile device mount point

/mnt: temporary file system mount point

/ Dev: storage device files and special files

/tmp: temporary file storage location

/selinux: Storing information related to security policy

/usr: (universal< Universal > Shared,read-only data)

Bin: Ensure that the system has the full functionality of the application provided sbin:lib:32 bit use LIB64: only 64-bit systems can use the Local: installation location for third-party applications (bin,sbin,lib,lib64,e Tc,share)

/var: (Variable data files variable file)

Cache: Application Cached Data Directory Lib: Application state information Data lical: Specialized for Applications under/usr/local UC you also coarse variable data lock: Lock file log: Log directory and file opt: dedicated to applications in the/OPT directory Program store variable data run: process-related data in progress, typically used to store process PID files spool: Application Data pool tmp: Save temporary data generated between two reboots of the system

Look at the mail sending feature under this directory

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/proc: A virtual file system for outputting kernel-related process information

Cat/proc/menminfo can view the memory size Cat/proc/pcuinfo can view the CPU information cat/proc/partition can see the partition situation Ls/proc can look at the process information and memory data

/sys: Storing hardware information about the system

After a hard drive is added to a virtual machine, it needs to be restarted before it can be displayed, so if you don't want to restart

What's the run? We can set it in the/sys directory

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Types of files under Linux

-: Normal file D: Directory file B: Block device C: Character device L: Symbolic link File P: Piping file Pipe S: Socket file socket (ip+port< port number;, for remote connection)

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Linux file system