Linux directory structure Introduction and important directory description

Root node:/, all files are mounted under this, directory structure and partition devices are not related, different directories can span different disk devices and partitions

1. View partitions:

[Email protected] downloads]# ls/dev/sda*

/dev/sda/dev/sda1/dev/sda2/dev/sda3

2. Mount: Mount

such as: MOUNT/DEV/SDB1/USR

3. File directory rules:

Application:/usr/bin

Data files, Help:/usr/share

Configuration file:/etc/

Start command:/ETC/INIT.D

4. Path

According to Path: Cd/home

Relative path: CD data/

5. Tree command:

Install: "Yum-y install tree" command operation in CentOS, installation may error

Download: ftp://mama.indstate.edu/linux/tree/Download the installation package

Decompression: TAR-XZVF tree-1.7.0.tgz

Compile: Go to tree-1.7.0 directory, perform make compilation

Copy: CP Tree/bin

Example: Tree-l 1/--all directories in the display/directory, showing only level 1 (L means display level, followed by numbers)

6, the first-level directory structure:

[Email protected] downloads]# tree-l 1/

/--Storage System related procedures

├──bin--the directory in which common binary commands are stored for ordinary users

├──boot --storage of Linux kernel and boot program

├──dev--storage equipment files, such as: disk, sound card, optical drive, etc. view disk: ls/dev/sd*

├──etc--Store binary installation package (yum, rpm), Service Start command, configuration file

├──home--Store user home directory (except root), create a user who will have a folder with the same name here

├──lib--Repository file directory, 32-bit

├──LIB64--Repository file directory, 64-bit system only

├──lost+found-The system crashes or shuts down unexpectedly, the temporary files will be put here, and the next boot will be repaired with fsck

├──media

├──MNT--Temporary mount point, the entry of file system (device), such as: U disk, CD-ROM, etc.

Example:

To view the disk mount condition: fdisk-l

Mount Disk: mount/dev/sdb/mnt, uninstall: umount/mnt

To view mount results: df-h

├──opt-optional, some companies designate this directory as the installation software directory

├──proc-A virtual file system that stores kernel and system information (e.g., disk, memory, CPU)

Example:

View cput Information: Cat/proc/cpuinfo

View memory Information: Cat/proc/meminfo

View payload Information: Cat/proc/loadavg

├──root--root directory of system administrator root

├──sbin--the command to store Superuser root, System Admin user (normal user cannot use)

├──selinux

├──srv

├──sys

├──tmp--Temporary file directory, all users can use

├──USR--Store user programs (many directories are the same as under the root),/usr/local--store user-installed programs

└──var-A directory that stores variable data, such as: logs, caches, logs and fault messages for the recording system

Example:

System log:/var/log/message, storage System log, including failure, etc.

System security log:/var/log/secure, system security information, such as user login information, etc.

Timed tasks:/var/spool/cron

7. Important Sub-directories:

Network card: Cat/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0,eth0 represents the first NIC

Restart:/etc/init.d/network Restart, for all NICs

Off/On: Ifdown eth0, Ifup eth0, for a network card

Client DNS configuration: cat/etc/resolv.conf

LAN domain name configuration: cat/etc/hosts

Boot from startup program command: Cat/etc/rc.local, similar to Chkconfig function

directory where system services are located: CAT/ETC/INIT.D, a script that hosts systems or services that are started in System V mode

Global environment variable: cat/etc/profile

Linux directory structure Introduction and important directory description