Linux disk and File System Management: Basic Disk Concepts

1 Basic concepts of disk

1 Track (orbital), Cylinder (cylindrical), sector (sector), head (heads)

2 representation of disks in Linux systems

1 Linux all devices are abstracted into files saved in/dev directory

2 The name of the device is generally hd[a-z] or sd[a-z],[a-z] is a partition number, such as HDA, HDB, SDA, SDB

3 IDE device name is hd[a-z], SATA, SCSI, SAS, USB etc device name is sd[a-z]

3 Concept of Zoning

1 divides the logic of a disk into several areas, each as a separate disk, for ease of use and management. such as Windows C disk D disk e disk and so on

The 2 partition is represented by a device name + partition number, such as the first partition of the first disk/dev/sda1, and the second partition/dev/sda2. The first partition of the second disk/DEV/SDB1, and the second partition/DEV/SDB2

3 Mainstream zoning mechanisms are divided into two types, MBR and GPT two

The MBR (Master Boot recode) is a traditional partitioning mechanism applied to most BIOS PC devices

1 MBR support for 32bit and 64bit systems

2 MBR supports limited number of partitions

3 MBR supports only 2T hard drives, and more than 2T hard drives only support 2T space

4 MBR partitions

1 MBR partitions can create up to 4 primary partitions only

2 each extended partition must occupy one primary partition

3 A maximum of 63 IDE partitions and 15 SCSI partitions per logical partition

GPT (GUID partitiontable) is a newer partitioning mechanism

1 support for more than 2T hard drives

2 Backward-compatible MBR

3 must be available on hardware that supports UEFI

4 must use 64bit

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