Linux releases and their package management methods

There are many Linux distributions, which are divided into desktop system domain and server domain according to usage domain. The following are briefly described below:

1.Red hat and fedora:redhat The earliest release of the personal version of Linux, since the release of Red Hat 9.0, RedHat Company no longer developed the desktop version of the Linux distribution Kit, Red Hat Linux stopped development, Instead, focus on the development of the server edition, the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Edition. Red Hat officially stopped supporting Red Hat version 9.0 on April 30, 2004, marking the official end of Red Hat Linux. The original desktop version of the Red Hat Linux distribution suite was merged with the Fedora program from the open source community to become the Fedora Core release. Red Hat is currently divided into two series: Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), which is powered by Red Hat and updated by the company, and the free Fedora Core developed by the community.

Features: For personal desktop applications, the use of Rpm/yum-based management software packages .

2.RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux) and Centos:rhel are Red Hat Enterprise editions, offering commercial support. CentOS is re-compiled for Rhel, free and stable.

Features: For enterprise server use, security and stability, the use of Rpm/yum-based management software package.

3.Debian and Ubuntu:debian are examples of community-class Linux and are by far the most compliant with the GNU specification. Ubuntu is based on the Debian distribution and the GNOME desktop environment. It uses bash as the base shell, so the difference between Ubuntu and CentOS is not obvious on many basic commands, and Ubuntu does better on the desktop interface. In addition, Ubuntu is based on the Debian distribution and the GNOME desktop environment. It uses bash as the base shell, so the difference between Ubuntu and CentOS is not obvious on many basic commands, and Ubuntu does better on the desktop interface and similar Kunbuntu /xubuntu and so on.

Features: For desktop applications, using APT-GET/DPKG package management method.

Software Installation tools:

In the Gnu/linux (Linux) operating system, RPM and dpkg are the two most common types of package management tools that are applied to Linux distributions based on the RPM package and the Deb package. The role of the package management tool is to provide a way to install, upgrade, uninstall the required software in the operating system, and to provide queries on all software status information in the system.

RPM, known as Redhatpackage Manager, was first developed by Redhat and subsequently accepted by the GNU Open source operating system and became the established software standard for many Linux systems (RHEL). Deb is the Debian Package management tool-dpkg, all called Debian packages.

First, RPM Package Installation/upgrade/query/Uninstall

A RPM package contains the set of compressed software files and the content information of the software (saved in the header file), usually shown as files ending with the. rpm extension, such as package.rpm. For its operation, you need to use the rpm\ yum command.

1, rpm command Common parameters

What is the normal use of RPM for rpm-? PACKAGE.RPM, which--? For operation parameters (for more information, see Help manrpm):

• -Q Query the system for software or query the content information of the specified RPM package

• -I install software in the system

• -U upgrade software in the system

• -e Uninstalling the software in the system

• -H Displays the RPM installation process with the # (hash) character

• -V detailing the installation process

• -P indicates that the RPM packet is queried and is usually used in conjunction with other parameters, such as:

• -QLP Query the list of all files in a RPM package to see which parts of the package will be installed in the system

• -QIP Query The content information of a RPM package, the system will list the details of the package, including the number of files, the file name, file size, creation time, compile date and other information.

Installing RPM Packages

RPM-IVH package.rpm

Upgrade RPM Package

RPM-UVH package.rpm

Uninstalling RPM Packages

Rpm-ev Package

Query installed RPM Packages

Rpm-qa|greppackage

The following command line can help us quickly determine which package a file belongs to:
RPM-QF < file name >

Linux will list all the corrupted files for you

Rpm-va,

Second,Yum package management software

Based on the RPM Package management tool, Yum can automatically download the target RPM package from the specified source space (server, local directory, etc.) and install it, automatically handle dependency relationships and download, install, without tedious manual download and installation of each required dependency package. In addition, another feature of Yum is to upgrade all software in the system. As mentioned above, the Yum rpm package is sourced from the source space, specified in Rhel by the. Repo file configuration in the/etc/yum.repos.d/directory. The system configuration file for Yum is located in/etc/yum.conf.

List all updatable package information
Command: Yum info updates

Installing RPM Packages

Yum-y Install Package-name

Upgrade RPM Package

Yum Update Package-name

Uninstalling RPM Packages

Yum Remove Package-name

List installed RPM packages

Yum List

List all software that can be upgraded in the system

Yum Check-update

Third, Installation/upgrade/query/uninstallation of the Deb package

A Deb package contains the set of compressed software files and the content information of the software (saved in the header file), typically shown as files ending with a. deb extension, such as Package.deb. You need to use the dpkg command to manipulate it. The following describes the parameters and how to use the Dpkg tool, and describes the IBM Lotus Notes installation as an example in UBUNTU904.

1, dpkg command Common parameters

Dpkg's general use method is dpkg-? Package (. rpm), where-? for installation parameters (for more information, see Help manrpm):

• -L query Software content information in the system

• --info Query the system for software or query the content information of the specified RPM package

• -I install/upgrade software in the system

• -R uninstalling the software in the system without deleting the configuration file

• -P uninstalling the software and its configuration files in the system

Querying installed software in the system

Dpkg-l Package

Installing the Deb Package

sudo dpkg-i package.deb

Uninstalling the Deb Package

sudo dpkg-rpackage.deb #不卸载配置文件

Sudodpkg-p Package.deb #卸载配置文件

Four,apt package management software

Apt is all called advancedpackaging Tools. corresponding to Yum, it was first designed as a dpkg front-end software and now supports RPM management through apt-rpm. APT's main package management tool is apt-get, which satisfies the functionality requirements similar to the above Yum.

Update Source Index

sudo apt-get update

Installation

sudo apt-get install Package-name

Download the specified source file

sudo apt-get source Package-name

Upgrade All Software

sudo apt-get upgrade

Unloading

sudo apt-get remove package-name do not delete configuration files

sudo apt-get remove–purge package-name Delete configuration file

Five, Alien

The alien tool can be used to convert RPM packages into Deb packages or to convert the Deb package into an RPM package to accommodate compatibility needs. Note First, install alien in the system.

Use Alien in Ubuntu to convert Deb to rpm and install

sudo alien-d package.rpm

sudo dpkg-i package.deb

Using Alien in Rhel to convert Deb to rpm and install

Alien-r Package.deb

RPM-IVH package.rpm

Linux releases and their package management methods