Linux shortcut keys and help

1. New initialization of the system

Shutdown

Poweroff  | init 0 | shutdown-h now

Restart

Reboot | init 6 | shutdown-r now

# #补充 # #

v Run level

# 0-Stop (never set the Initdefault to 0)

# 1-Single user mode, only root for maintenance

# 2-multiuser, no NFS ( No network multi-user )

# 3-Full multi-user mode (standard run level) ( have network multi-user )

# 4- User definable

# 5-x11 (Xwindow), start to enter the X-window system ( with graphics and network )

# 6-Reboot (never set Initdefault to 6)

The difference between the v Init 5 and the StartX

( 1 ) StartX is simple to start the X graphical interface as an executor, any user can execute. Init 5 is the service that launches the RunLevel 5, and runs the graphical login manager, which the user chooses to log in, and only the root is allowed to execute.

( 2 ) Use the Chkconfig--list |more to view the services started on RunLevel 5, and compare the run service information with Ps-aux view at startx Startup: StartX just loaded the graph on the original runlevel, and Init 5 In addition to graphics, there are installed Chinese fonts, can display Chinese, etc.

2. Virtual Console

Ctrl+alt+f2-f6 # # #进入虚拟控制台

ctrl+alt+f1| F7 # # #回到图形

Other shortcut keys:

ctrl+alt+ on | down # # #切换工作界面

ctrl+alt+l # # #锁屏

## Supplement # #

v Virtual Console, terminal and other concepts to differentiate

Control Console (console)

The console is a physical device that is used for input and output, which is directly connected to the computer and is part of a computer system. The computer output information is displayed on the console, such as the output of the BIOS, the output of the kernel.

Terminal (Terminal)

The terminal (Terminal) is also a physical device that is only used for input and output and does not have strong computational power in itself. A computer has only one console, in the era of computing resources tense, people want to share a computer, you can connect to the computer through the terminal, the command input terminal, the terminal to the computer, the computer completes the instruction, the output is transmitted to the terminal, the terminal will display the results to the user.

Virtual Console/Virtual terminal (Vsan Terminal)

Virtual consoles and virtual terminals are the same. We only have one terminal (physical device), which is the user interface between us and the computer. If one day, we want to have a number of user interface, then, on the other hand, we can add more terminals (physical devices), on the other hand, can also be on the same terminal (physical device) virtual out of multiple terminals, they do not affect each other, at least, does not seem to affect each other. These terminals are virtual terminals.

When we press CTRL+ALT+FX, we will enter the X virtual Terminal, a total of seven virtual terminals, of which the seventh virtual terminal, is our default use of the graphical user interface.

Terminal Simulator (Terminal Emulator)

We know that the terminal is a physical device, and the terminal emulator (Terminal Emulator), is a program that is used to simulate physical terminals. The terminal emulator in the graphical user interface is generally called the terminal window (Terminal windows), and the gnome-terminal that we open under Ubuntu belong to this category.

Tty

The full name of the TTY is Teletypewriter, which is an early endpoint (physical device) that is used to send data to the computer and print out the results of the computer's return. When the display appears, the terminal no longer prints the results, but displays them on the display. But the name of the TTY was preserved.

When we press CTRL+ALT+F1, we enter the 1th virtual terminal, and you can see the tty1 displayed above the screen.

3. Open the shell

gnome-terminal # # #用命令开启bash

4. shortcut keys

Ctrl + a cursor moves to the beginning of the line

+ e cursor moves to end of line

+ u Delete the cursor at the beginning of the row

+ k Delete the cursor at the end of the line

+ R bring up a recent command with a keyword

+ left | Right the cursor moves in the word unit

+ C undo to enter the command

+ D Close the current environment

Ctrl +r+ Keywords # #调出最近一条含有关键字的命令

Ctrl +l # #清屏

5.man, pinfo command

Man usage

Man level target

Man 1 File name # # #查找命令的帮助

Man 5 file name # # #查找配置文件的帮助

v man-k passwd # #列出所有含passwd的命令或文件的帮助

Quick usage of man

N # #向下匹配高亮结果

N # #向上匹配高亮结果

D # #向下滚动半个屏幕

u # #向上滚动半个屏幕

g # #回到man的最前面

G # #回到man的最后面

pinfo usage

pinfo Target

pinfo Quick usage of

D

U

HOME

Enter

N

P

Linux shortcut keys and help