Linux Package Management

Software operating Environment

abi:application binary Interface Application binary interface

Windows is incompatible with Linux

ELF

PE

Api:application progrmming Interface should program programming interface

Posix

C Programming: Program source code---preprocessing----compile---link

Static compilation:. A

Dynamic compilation:. So

Static and dynamic links

The main function of the link is to handle the parts of each module referenced to each other, so that the modules can be properly connected, static links and dynamic links

Static links

Copy the dependent Library of the program to the package; libxxxx.a

Embed packages, upgrade difficult, need to recompile, occupy more space, easy to migrate

Dynamic links

Only add dependency to a dynamic link; libxxx.so

Point to a library file, run temporarily, use less space, upgrade is convenient

Library files

View the library files that the binaries depend on

Ldd/path/to/binary_file

Manage and view native-mounted library files

Ldconfig Loading library files

/sbin/ldconfig-p Show all library files that have been cached by this machine

Configuration file:

/etc/ld.so.conf

/etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf

Cache files:/etc/ld.so.cache

Java program: Compile once, run everywhere. The reason for this feature is that the JVM is on top of the OS

Development language

System-Level development: c,c++

Application-level development: Java,delphi,python,go,php,perl,ruby, etc.

• Package Basics

Package Manager

Binary application components: binary files, library files, configuration files, Help files

Package Manager

Debian:deb file, dpkg Package Manager

redhat:rpm file, RPM Package Manager

Rpm:redhat Package Manager early: Red Hat Pack Manager

RPM Package Manager RPM Pack Manager

Package naming

Source code: NAME-VERSION.TAR.GZ|BZ2|XZ

VERSION:major.minor.release

RPM Package naming method:

name-version-release.arch.rpm

Example: bash-4.2.46-19.el7.x86_64.rpm

VERSION:major.minor.release

Release:release. OS

19: Packing times

EL7: Used on RHEL7

Common ARCH:CPU Architectures

X86:i386, i486, i586, i686

X86_64:x64, x86_64, AMD64

Platform agnostic: Noarch

Sorting and unpacking:

There may be dependencies between packages, or even cyclic dependencies

To resolve the dependency package management tool:

Yum:yum Package Manager Front End Tool

Apt-get:deb Package Manager Front End Tool

RPM front-end management tools on Zypper:suse

Dnf:fedora + RPM Package Manager front-end management tool

Package Manager:

Package the compiled application into one or several package files, so as to quickly and easily implement package installation, uninstallation, query, upgrade and validation management operations

Package file composition

The files in the RPM package

RPM metadata such as name, version, dependency, description, etc.

Some also have scripts that run when you install or uninstall

Database:/var/lib/rpm

Package Name and version

Dependent relationships

Function description

File path and checksum information generated after package installation

How to manage Packages:

Using Package Manager: RPM

Using the front end tool: Yum, DNF

Ways to get Packages:

(1) The system issued by the CD or the official server;

CentOS Image:

https://www.centos.org/download/

Http://mirrors.aliyun.com

Http://mirrors.sohu.com

Http://mirrors.163.com

(2) Official site of the project

(3) Third party organizations:

Fedora-epel:

Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux

Rpmforge:rhel recommended, the package is full

Search engine:

http://pkgs.org

Http://rpmfind.net

Http://rpm.pbone.net

https://sourceforge.net/

(4) Make your own

Note: Third party packages are recommended to check their legality; source legitimacy, package integrity

• RPM Package Management

Install, uninstall, upgrade, query, check, database maintenance and other operations

Installation

RPM {-i|--install} [install-options] package_file ...

-I: Installation

-V: Show more information

-H: Show Progress in #

--test: Test installation, do not actually perform installation

--nodeps: Ignoring dependencies

--replacepkgs|replacefiles

--nodigest: Package integrity is not checked

--noscripts: Does not execute Package script

RPM-IVH Package_file

Upgrade

RPM {-u|--upgrade} [install-options] package_file ...

Install an older version of the package, then "Upgrade"

If there is no legacy package, the Install

RPM {-f|--freshen} [install-options] package_file ...

Install an older version of the package, then "Upgrade"

If there is no legacy package, no action is taken

RPM-UVH Package_file

RPM-FVH Package_file

--oldpackage: Downgrade

--force: Forced installation

Note

1. Do not upgrade the kernel; Linux supports multi-core version coexistence; Therefore, install the new version kernel directly

2. If the original package configuration file has been modified, upgrade, the same configuration file provided by the new version does not directly overwrite the old version of the configuration file, and the new version of the file is retained after renaming

Enquiry

RPM {-q|--query} [select-options] [query-options]

-A: Querying all packages

-L: View all files generated after the installation of the specified package

-I: More information information

-F: To see which package installs the specified file for build

-P rpmfile: query operation for package files not yet installed

-C: Querying the program's configuration file

-D: Querying the program's documentation

--provides: Lists the capability provided by the specified package

-r: query Specifies the capability that the package depends on

--whatprovides CAPABILITY: Query which package is supplied by the specified CAPABILITY

--whatrequires CAPABILITY: query which package the specified CAPABILITY is dependent on

--changelog: Query rpm Package for Changelog

--scripts: Query the script that comes with the package

Rpm2cpio Package File | CPIO-ITV Preview in-Package files

Rpm2cpio Package File | Cpio-idv./somefile release in-Package files

Unloading

RPM {-e|--erase} [--allmatches] [--JUSTDB] [--nodeps] [--noscripts]

[--notriggers] [--test] Package_name ...

--allmatches: If more than one version is removed

--nodeps: Ignoring dependencies

--noscripts: Do not unload scripts

--test: Uninstalling the test

Check

RPM {-v|--verify} [select-options] [verify-options] Package_name

S,m,5,d,l,u,g,t,p

-V: The properties of which files in the query package are changed

Import the required public key:

RPM--import/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/rpm-gpg-key-centos-7

CentOS Distribution Disc available: RPM--import rpm-gpg-key-centos-7|6

Rpm-k|checksig Rpmfile Check Package integrity and signature after importing public key

Uninstalling the Public key:

Rpm-qa "gpg-pubkey*"

Rpm-e gpg-pubkey*

Database Maintenance

Database rebuild:/var/lib/rpm

RPM {--INITDB|--REBUILDDB}

Initdb: Initialize new If no database exists beforehand; otherwise, no action is taken

REBUILDDB: Rebuilding the database index directory for an installed header

• Yum Management

• Compiling the installation

Linux Package Management