Linux Fundamentals and new virtual machines

1,windows graphical interface is only popular on personal computers (Dos interface), LUnix is in the server domain, there is absolutely no graphical interface (command line) on the server.

2,2.6.18 motherboard, minor version, last version

If the last version accumulates to a certain program it becomes the minor version, and so on. In the server realm is not the newer the better but the more stable the better.

3,redhat Red Hat part of the charge, CentOS completely free, two identical.

4, Application: Enterprise Server www.netcraft.com

Embedded domain Android mobile phone quickssh software, downloaded it will assign IP to the phone, you can use the remote management of Linux tools to manage your phone, Android bottom is Linux, Apple bottom is Unix

Set-top box, Xiaomi box, 3d effect

5,linux strictly case-sensitive;

All content is saved as a file, including hardware, users. All contents are documents;

Linux does not differentiate file types by extension, and is distinguished by permissions

Conventional: mainly for the administrator to see, not must write

Compressed package: *.gz, *.bz2, *.tar.bz2, *.tgz, etc.

Binary packages:. RMP

Web files: *.html, *.php

Script file (program file): *.sh

Configuration file: *.conf

Programs under 6,windows cannot be installed and run directly on Linux.

Pros: Viruses and trojans in Windows can't be executed because Linux doesn't know it

7, character interface: Less system resources, fewer errors, the likelihood of attack

About VMware

is a Virtual PC software that can create a new hardware environment on an existing operating system, which is equivalent to simulating a new PC to actually run two separate operating systems simultaneously on a single machine

The 8 version is enough, 7 too old to run on the win7,64 bit, the high-version computer card

Features: You can use two operating systems on the same PC without partitioning or rebooting, the native system can communicate with the virtual machine system network, and you can set and modify the hardware environment of the virtual machine operating system at any time.

Virtual machine play crashes, can restore snapshot

Configuration: CPU frequency is above 1GHz; Memory: 2GB or more; hard disk: partition free space above 8GB

If you want to remove the virtual machine, especially easy to delete the dirty, you can download a tool online: Vmware_install_cleaner delete the registration form. Can not go directly to the disk to delete, if deleted, there will be a lot of junk files, and then install will never be on, because it will think you have been Ann.

Create a virtual machine:

Bridge: The virtual machine also has two networks, the real machine also has two, when the real machine communicates with the virtual machine, uses any one in the real machine and the virtual machine to communicate. Advantages: Simple, point the bridge will be able to communicate. Cons: Virtual opportunities occupy the real machine's network segment IP.

If you choose NAT (can surf the Internet)/host-only (cannot surf the internet)) then the virtual machine can only communicate with my own real machine, and cannot communicate with other computers on the LAN

Particularly powerful features: snapshots , to be used frequently, when the virtual machine play crashes can restore his initial snapshot, very convenient

Cloning helps us to do experiments. Link cloning, the equivalent of the original shadow, only occupy a small space, if deleted, he was useless. Complete cloning, completely identical to the original, delete the original is not the way

Partition: function: Not chaotic, find high efficiency. Hard disks are sectors of equal size, each sector is 512 bytes-446 (logging boot information) = 64 bytes are used for partitioning, 16 bytes per partition, only four partitions,

There can be up to four primary partitions;

Extended partition (take out a partition to do the expansion partition, then the primary partition left three) can only have one, primary partition + extended partition can only have four, cannot write data, can contain more logical partition (up to 23)

Windows is to take cdef these four English letters as the drive letter, AB is used to make the floppy disk drive letter

Partitioning is the format of the relationship is, first partition, there is a large skeleton, formatting is a small drawer inside one

format: also known as logical format, refers to the user selected file system, in a specific area of the disk to write specific data, in the partition to put a piece of file configuration, directory tables, etc. for file management disk space. formatting does empty the file, but the purpose of the formatting is to write the file

File System: FAT16, Max 2G, has been eliminated.

　　　　　FAT32, Max 16T, but single file maximum cannot exceed 4G, individual too Limited

NTFS, which is the most advanced windows

EXT2 EXT3 EXT4, the default is EXT4 in CentOS6.3, is the most advanced

Two main tasks to format:
1. Divide partition into equal size data block, the default size of each data block is 4KB (can change);
2. Create a two-dimensional table in the partition list, record ID (Inode i node) number, modification time, permissions, and file save location.

Linux: Partition--and format--give each partition a name--and assign a drive letter

Windows: Partition--format--Assign drive letter No name, there's a graphical

In Linux all files, hard drives, optical drives are files

In Linux it is not called a disk character, which is called mount (the process of assigning a drive letter to the system), and the mount point can be considered a drive letter.

Instead of the ABCD to do the disk, but to take the directory to do the letter

swap is also called virtual memory . Use virtual memory when real memory is not enough. When the real memory <4g,swap is twice times, when the >4g, just as true can

All of these are preparatory work,

Below is the official installation of the Linux system

Hang: It means to put it away when not in use, and restore it when used, faster than the start

It is not possible to force a red fork when powering on, which causes the virtual machine to crash. Either shut down or hang up.

BIOS Setup, is the motherboard comes with the operating system interface, through this interface to modify the boot sequence, mainly to modify the boot boot key

Ctrl+alt is the mouse to enter the interface, Ctrl+g is out;

Ctrl+alt+enter Virtual Machine Full Screen

The computer has a default boot order: The hard drive is higher than the optical drive

Only Windows communicates via the host name on the LAN, LIUNX does not pass.
The Linux administrator name is root by default

Linux Fundamentals and new virtual machines