Linux Incomplete Manual (iii)

Linux system directory Structure introduction

The Linux system has a directory organization structure of its specific file systems, and understanding these directory structures is fundamental to learning basic knowledge. Let me introduce the directory structure to Redhatlinux.

Directory Name	Brief introduction
/bin	This directory is the most important executable file in the system storage, these executables are most commonly used in Linux system commands, the general user and Superuser will often use their commands, such as: LS, su, mount and so on.
/etc	The system is the most important place to store the configuration files, general and system-related configuration files are placed in the directory, that is, the configuration of the system is mainly the directory to modify the files. Most of the text files are in this directory. , such as: Inittab, lilo.conf and so on.
/lost+found	The main problem is that when the system is defective, the place where the file is stored, under normal circumstances can not be ignored.
/root	The default home directory for Superuser Root, which does not have access to the directory for general users. General own files are tested to their own home directory below, so as not to disrupt the original system hierarchy.
/tmp	Same as DOS or Windows Temp directory, where temporary files are stored under this directory.
/boot	This is a redhatlinux-specific directory that stores kernel files and other information files when the system starts. Some distributions do not have this directory, but put these things in the root directory.
/home	This is the root directory of the system default normal user's home directory, which is the normal user's home directory set to:/home/[userid] directory.
/mnt	is the system to provide installation of additional file system when the installation directory, the main purpose is to not disrupt the original directory system structure, otherwise installed in where can be. As long as that directory is not used.
/sbin	As with/bin, it is primarily the place where executables are stored, except that the executable file is used primarily for superuser management of the system, and that ordinary users have little authority to execute the program. such as: MKE2FS, Ifconfig and so on.
/usr	This directory is the largest disk space in the Linux system directory, the directory has many applications, his subdirectory is also more complex, and there are many differences between the system, I will introduce it in the next table.
/dev	All the files under this directory are special files, and the Linux system regards all peripherals as a file, which means that your operation on the file representing the peripherals represents the operation of that peripheral. So it is very important to say/dev to the system. For example, if you want to format a floppy disk EXT2 file system, then do this: mke2fs/dev/fd0, the fd0 here represents the floppy disk drive.
/lib	The system's linked library file is stored, and the system does not function correctly without the directory. I have tried to rename the directory, the result of any command can not run, had to use floppy disk to start the machine and then install the file system to solve this problem, visible its importance.
/proc	The files in this directory are not actually stored on disk, the file system of the directory is called the proc file system and is the image of the system kernel. This means that the files inside the directory are stored in the system memory. You can look at these files to see how the system works. This directory does not move at will, the slightest careless may cause the system to lock dead.
/var	It is mainly the storage of some system record files, and also the configuration files of some system. Vary depending on the system.

/USR directory structure:

Directory Name	Brief introduction
/usr/x11r6	It is primarily a xwindows directory, and the following subdirectories have the same structure as the root directory.
/usr/games	All the games you choose to install are here.
/usr/src	is mainly the system kernel or other programs source program.
/usr/bin	Like/bin, it is a user-level executable file.
/usr/i486-linux-libc5	Try some of Linux's library files to compile executable files or links to program execution.
/usr/local	Is the level of the local directory structure, that is, later installed programs as far as possible to add themselves to the directory. The directory is also a structured directory, and its substructure uses and functions similar to the root directory.
/usr/tmp	The repository for temporary files that are not system-level.
/usr/include	This directory is the primary directory that holds the header files that are included in the compilation program.
/usr/man	This is the main repository for the online manuals in the system, which is the help documentation.
/usr/doc	Store some system documentation and some howto files.
/usr/sbin	Same as/sbin.
/usr/lib	The link library file at compile time.