Linux installation and related configuration

Introduction to Computer operating systems
what is the operating system
What is the kernel of the operating system
two operating system user interfaces
preparations for installing the Linux operating system
Linux distributions (CENTOS, RHEL, FEDORA, UBUNTU, SUSE)
the relationship between Rhel and CentOS
Why Choose Red Hat Enterprise Linux
installing the Linux operating system
Graphical Installation
Minimized installation
 
"Content of this section"
1. Introduction to Computer operating system
1) Master the definition of the operating system: the operating system is a system program that coordinates, manages, and controls the hardware and software resources of the computer, located between the hardware and the application. 、
2) Master the definition of the kernel of the operating system: the kernel of the operating system is a management and control program that is responsible for managing all the physical resources of the computer, including. File system, memory management, device management, and process management.
3) Understand the two operating system user interfaces: graphical interface, command line interface.
2. Learn about Linux major distributions: CENTOS, RHEL, FEDORA, UBUNTU, SUSE
3. Preparing to install the Linux operating system
1) Learn why you choose Red Hat Enterprise Linux:
Because it is the easiest to install in all Linux/unix systems, it is also the most widely used Linux operating system. The Linux operating system is mostly used as a server, because the cost of using Linux is very low, so many Internet servers are now using the Linux operating system.
4. Install the Linux operating system (see Bird's P102).
1) Master the minimum memory requirements for installing the Linux operating system are: 512M
2) grasp the meaning of each option in the installation process:
A) Install or upgrade an existing system: installing or upgrading existing systems
b) Install system WITN Basic video driver: Install the systems and basic videos drivers
c) Rescue installed system: Rescue installation System
d) boot from local Drive: Start
3) from your local hard disk to understand the options for the installation process language for Simplified Chinese:
4) master the default host name: Localhost.localdomian
5) master the settings of the password during installation: no complexity required.
6) Mastering the Select Skip button skips detection of the installation media.
7) Learn about minimizing installation:
a) mastering minimized installation cannot turn on the graphical desktop.
b) the password entered by the user login under the text interface is not displayed.
c) a program that is missing by default when minimizing the installation system is: X-window
(for X-window's explanation, see Bird's private cuisine, 24th)
8) master the default administrator as root

What is UNIX?
features of the UNIX operating system
the relationship between UNIX and Linux
GNU project and free software
Gun Plan
What free software means
about Linux
what is Linux
The main purpose and enterprise of Linux operating system
the two most common types of desktop environments
log in and out of Linux
Init 0 Command
What is a Linux endpoint
switching of Virtual terminals
system Prompt "$" and "#"
Exit Command

"Content of this section"
What is 1.UNIX?
1) Mastering the definition of Unix: UNIX is a computer operating system, a control program used to coordinate, manage and control computer hardware and software resources.
2) Understand the features of the UNIX operating system: multiuser and multi-tasking
A) Multi-user indicates that at the same time multiple users can use UNIX operating system simultaneously and they do not interfere with each other;
b) Multitasking means that any user can run multiple programs on the UNIX operating system at the same time.
2. Learn about the brief History of Unix
(see Bird's p40-p52 or Linux system Management P13)
3.GNU Projects and free software
1) The idea of the gun program was publicly launched by Richard Stallman on September 27, 1983, and its goal was to create a completely free operating system.
2) understand the GPL terms
The GPL clause is to ensure that GNU software is free to use, reproduce, modify and distribute, and that all GNU software has an agreement to grant all rights to any person without limiting any restrictions to others.
3) Understanding free software means:
A) You have the freedom to run the program for any purpose.
b) You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs.
c) you have the right to redistribute copies, either in white or at a charge.
d) you have the right to publish the modified version of the program, allowing others to benefit from your improvements.
4.linux introduction
1) Mastering the definition of Linux: Linux is a free-to-use and free-to-propagate Unix-like operating system, a POSIX and Unix-based multiuser, multitasking, multi-threaded and multi-CPU operating system.
2) master the main purpose of the Linux operating system: primarily for servers, especially Web servers. The
3) master two common desktop environments: KDE and GNOME.
5. Log in and out of Linux (see operating demo for Linux system Management P17-p22)
1) Mastering the command to shut down the Linux system: Init 0
2) what is Linux Terminal: Linux terminal is also known as Virtual Console. The Linux terminal uses the character command line method to work, the user through the keyboard input command, through the Linux terminal to control the system.
3) master the method of switching the virtual Terminal: ctrl+alt+f[1~6], if you want to switch to the second virtual terminal, press CTRL+ALT+F2
4" after the normal user login system prompt: $
5) master the system prompt after the root user login: #
6" Master Exit Command: Exit

the format of the Linux command
syntax format for commands
specific meanings of commands, options, and Parameters in command format
whoami Command
features of the WhoAmI command
Who command
functions of the WHO command
results of the WHO command output
date, Cal, and clear commands and commands with parameters
the function of the date command
functions of the CAL command
Examples of cal command usage
functions of the Clear command
clear screen shortcut keys
su and passwd commands
features of the SU command
example of use of the SU command
passwd Command Function
passwd Usage Examples
Use the man command to get help information
Man command function
Example of man command usage
get help using command name--help

"Content of this section"
Format of the 1.Linux command (see Linux System Management P23)
1) Understand the syntax format for Linux commands:
Command "Options" "Parameters"
2) Mastering the specific meanings of commands, options, and parameters in the command format
A) command: Tell the Linux (UNIX) operating system what to do (execute).
b) Option: Describes how the command runs (you can change the function of the command). The options section starts with a "-" character.
c) Parameters: Describes what the command affects (action) (such as a file, a directory, or a paragraph of text)
Ls–a/
2.whoami commands (see Linux System Management P24)
1) Understand the function of the WhoAmI command: Lists the user name (account number) used to log on to the Linux system.
3.who commands (see Linux System Management P25)
1) Mastering the functions of the WHO command: Lists which users are currently working on the system.
2) Master the output of the WHO command: Displays all users currently logged in, as well as the current date and time.
4.date, Cal, and clear commands and commands with parameters

1) Master the function of the date command: Displays the current date and time of the system.
2) Master the format of the date command to set the time: Date month of the year.
For example: Set the time to December 24, 2013 10 o'clock in the Morning 18 command:
Extension (Date 12241018201
Hwclock–s Synchronous Hardware –w synchronization System)
3) The ability to master the CAL command: Displays a month's calendar.
4) Flexible Application CAL Commands list a month's calendar for a year: for example, the command to display the August 2008 calendar is: Cal 8 2008
5) Master The function of the clear command: clear the screen
6) Master Clear screen shortcut key: ctrl+l
5.su and passwd commands
1) Master the functions of the SU command: switch from the current user to another specified user.
2) Flexible application of the SU command to switch users:
For example: The command to the root user: Su–root
3) Master the passwd command function: Modify the password of the user (either a normal user or the root user), and check the user's password status. Useradd
4) Master using the passwd command to modify the user password:
Example: a command to modify a dog user's password: passwd dog
6. Use the man command to get help information
1) Master the function of the man command: Get instructions for using a Linux command.
2) Master the instructions for using the Man command to view a command:
For example, the command to view the use instructions for the SU command is: Man su
7. Get help using command name--help
1) Example: The command to view the LS command Help is: (Do not use the man method)
ls–-help

Linux installation and related configuration