Linux Introduction and centos6.x system installation

About Linux

I. History of UNIX and Linux

1 in 1965, the United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), GE (GE) and T Bell Labs jointly developed the Multics project, with the goal of developing an interactive time-sharing operating system with multi-channel process capabilities, but The goal of Multics is too large and complex, the project is far behind schedule, and Bell Labs announced its exit.

From 1969 to 2, Ken Thompson of Bell Labs in the United States developed the UNICs system on the DEC PDP-7 machine.

3 in 1971, Ken Thompson's colleague Dennis Ritchie invented the C language; In 1973, most of the source code in the UNICs system was rewritten in C, which laid the groundwork for improving the portability of UNIX systems, and after some column modifications and improvements, until the fifth generation, the world was decided. How to Sell: how to License

4 1977, California, Berkeley purchased modified for BSD hot, forced and Bell Labs UNIX was authorized to X/open organization, authorized to sell, there are many distributions

Common UNIX AIX IBM PowerPC HP-UX HP pa-risc Solaris SUN SPARC (normal PC)

Linux History

1 Minix was invented by Andrew S. Tanenbaum (Tan Ningbong). Minix was originally released in 1987, opening all the source code to university teaching and research work. 2000 re-changed to BSD licensing to become free and open source software.

2 Linux Linus Torvalds (Linus. Torvalds), he built a new operating system kernel with the Minix operating platform at the University of Helsinki in Finland, which he called Linux. The Linux operating system was born on October 5, 1991.

Common Linux Distributions

1. Fedora, RedHat, CentOS, SUSE, Gentoo Linux, Red Flag Linux, Mandriva, Turbolinux

The first number is the primary version, the second number is the minor version (even for the stable version, the odd for the Development Board), and the third number is the revision number, which indicates the number of modifications.

2, Debian, Ubuntu using APT package management components

Second, open source software

★ Free most open source software for use

★ Study the freedom to get the software source code

★ Dissemination and improvement of freedom can be freely disseminated, improved and even sales

Third, the Linux application field

The results of the Www.netcraft.com website show that Linux is an excellent Web server operating system Linux in the film entertainment industry to contribute to the development of Linux in the field of embedded-android STB smart card song system ...

Iv. Linux Partitioning

1. The Linux partition means to understand the partition first by separating the wardrobe

Partition type:

Primary partition: Up to a maximum of four

Extended partitions: Up to 1 extended partitions, extensions cannot be formatted, and data cannot be written. Only logical partitions can be included. The extended partition plus the primary partition has a maximum of 4.

Logical partitioning: Can theoretically be divided into countless, but the number of devices will be limited

Note: All content under Linux is file, including hardware Linux is strictly case-sensitive (partially not followed) Linux does not differentiate file types by extension, but relies on permissions. However, there are special columns, such as compressed files, and all the storage devices in the RPM package file must be mounted for use. including hard drives

2 Linux partition representation

/DEV/HDA1 Hd:ide HDD

Sd:scsi,sata HDD

A: First hard drive

1: First Partition

/dev/sda1

/DEV/SDC5 Third SCSI hard disk, 1th logical partition

/DEV/HDB7 3rd logical Partition of the second IDE hard disk

3 Formatting the Mount process

File system:

WINDOWS:FAT16 FAT32 NTFS

LINUX:EXT2 ext3 EXT4

Inode I node

in Windows:      drive letter \ C      D:\ E:\

In Linux:

Hard disk File name----------Specify mount directory (drive letter) Mount

/DEV/SDA1-----------/boot

4 Common partitions in Linux

1) must partition/root partition must be separated by the larger the better C: partition

Swap partition swap partition twice times not greater than 2GB

2) Common partition/boot partition 100MB/DEV/SDA1

/home

/www

v. centos6.x installation of Linux system  

Password principles: Complexity, ease of memory, timeliness

Linux administrator: Root

Installation method

1. Insert the disc into the disc

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2. Welcome screen

Powered on via power switch, will enter the installation Welcome screen

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1. "Install or upgrade an existing system": Install or upgrade existing systems

2. "Install system with basic video driver": Installing and installing the basic graphics driver

3. "Rescue Installed System": Enter the Repair mode

4. "Boot from local drive": Booting from Local Disk (not installed)

5. "Memory Test": Storage media detection

Generally select the first item to install or upgrade an existing system

3. Installation media detection

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Note: Whether to detect the installation CD-ROM, the general CD-ROM good ignored, directly into the next

4. Language setting Language Settings

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Note: Select the language to use during installation

5. Keyboard selection

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6. Storage Device Selection

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7. Set host name

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8. Set time zone, general select "Asia/Shanghai" can

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Note: UTC (World coordinated Time) is not our local time

9. Root Password settings

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10. Partition settings (according to the requirements in the actual work)

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10.1 Selecting a standard partition

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10.2/boot partition

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10.3 Swap Partition

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Note: The size of the swap is generally set at twice times the memory, but the larger the physical memory required is generally twice times the size of memory, but the larger the physical memory, the smaller the swap required.

10.4 Root partition settings

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Note: Because of the Linux system file structure, must have a directory as the root cause, that is the system file structure, must have a directory as a source, that is/directory

10.5 Formatting partitions

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Note: The fundamental purpose of the format of the disk is to write to the file system, and the data is emptied only with the result

11. Specify the boot partition location

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12. Select Install Software

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13. Reboot to complete installation

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14. Login Welcome Screen

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15. Login Prompt

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The installation completes the basic operation:

Configuring firewalls

Turn off SELinux enhanced security components

To modify an IP address:

A Modify at Installation

B Setup or modify the Vim/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 file

Modify Onboot=no to YES

Configure IP address, subnet mask, gateway, DNS, etc.

Service Network Restart Restart services

16 Remote management Tools Xshell

17 Remote File Transfer tool WINSCP

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Linux Introduction and centos6.x system installation