Linux Introduction and Installation

Andrew S. Tanenbaum a reference to Unix, wrote Minix, and open source, Linus Torvalds wrote Linux as a template.

Linux includes kernel version and release version.

Linux kernel version

Linux Kernel official website: www.kernel.org

Kernel Release Notes: For example, 2.6.18, where 2 is the main version, 6 is the minor version, and 18 is the end plate. The more stable the more secure version the better

Linux distribution: The major vendors to add their own features, the kernel is actually the same, to publish, producing a lot of releases. such as Redhat (multi-server, service charge), Fedora (Redhat Personal Edition, including many new features), Ubuntu (desktop GUI good), CentOS (completely free, redhat acquisition), Debian, etc.

Introduction to open Source software

Apache (Web server software that publishes a well-written website so that people can access it), Nginx,musql,php,samba,mongodb,python,ruby,sphinx

Linux application areas

1. Linux-based enterprise Server www.netcraft.com view

2. Embedded platform

Linux differs from Windows

1, Linux is strictly case-sensitive, DOS commands in Windows are case-insensitive

2. All contents of Linux are saved in file form, including hardware

3, Linux does not rely on the extension to distinguish file types, with permissions to distinguish. Some of the conventions have the following extensions:

Compressed package: *.gz, *.bz2, *.tar.bz2, *.tgz, etc.

Binary packages:. rpm

Web page files:. html. php

Script file:. sh

Configuration file:. conf

4. Programs under Windows cannot be installed and run directly in Linux

Advantages of the character interface

1, the character interface occupies less system resources

2, character interface reduces the possibility of error, attack

Linux Installation

1. Virtual machine Installation

(1) VMware: Website: www.vmware.com

VMware Features:

(1) You can use more than two operating systems on the same PC without partitioning or rebooting

(2) The native system can communicate with the virtual machine system network

(3) can be set and modify the virtual machine operating system hardware environment, can not exceed the real machine memory, etc.

Recommended VMware Configuration

(1) CPU: Recommended frequency is above 1GHz

(2) Memory: 1GB or above recommended

(3) It is recommended to allocate more than 8G of free space

VMware installation, available in English and Chinese version

Select Typical Typical installation--Choose the installation location (except for the C drive)--Remove the check for product update on the front of the star Tup without updating the virtual machine--remove help improve VMware Workstation Front tick, do not send error to VMware, always next

Uninstall VMware, uninstall it in the program, and remove it with VMware Install Cleaner (download online)

Use of virtual machines

(1) If the virtual machine has been established, click Open the virtual machine->.vmx format file (for example, CENTOS6.VMX)

(2) If no virtual machine has been established, click New Virtual Machine, select the first standard form type configuration---I'll install the operating system later, select Linux,centos 32-bit, enter the name of the virtual machine, select a location (do not put the C drive), Allocate 20G, point on Virtual disk split into multiple files, complete

On the Virtual Machine page, set up virtual machines, or double-click the memory under the left device to open the virtual machine settings

Click Processor---processor number 1, the number of processor cores can be based on the number of computer CPU core configuration, hook on the virtual machine Intel Vt-x/ept, the real CPU mapped to the virtual machine

Desktop right-click on "Computer", select "Properties" look at the processor behind a few of the same GHz is a few cores

Right-click on "Computer", select "Manage" and click "Device Manager". Then click on the processor on the right to see how many threads

Click on the CD/DVD, connected on the right to turn on the virtual machine system must be hooked, connect the following using the ISO image file, select the download Good Linux system

Network adapter: Select Bridge.

Bridging: Virtual machines occupy the same network segment NAT: virtual machine using VMNET8 and host communication, can surf the Internet host-only: virtual machine use VMNET1 and host communication, can not surf the Internet. Note: Nat and host-only mode, virtual machine can only communicate with this host, cannot communicate with other hosts in LAN, Bridge can communicate with other computers in LAN

Virtual Machine Use Tips

1, snapshot, in the view below the small alarm clock icon, click Fill in the name to create a snapshot. If the system crashes, click on the Wrench icon with an icon, open the Snapshot manager, click the snapshot you want to open, click the lower right corner to go, or right-click the snapshot delete

2, Virtual machine---management, clone, Next, Next, Link clone does not occupy space, complete clone and original mirror

Linux Introduction and Installation