Linux learning notes (10) Text Editor vim, learning notes vim

Linux learning notes (10) Text Editor vim, learning notes vim

Vim is a powerful full-screen text editor, the most common text editor for Linux/Unix. It is used to create, edit, and display text files. Vim features no menus and only commands.

Vim mainly has three working modes: Command mode, insert mode, and edit mode. The relationship between the three can be expressed as follows:

 

1. Common vim operations (1) Insert commands

Command	Function
A	Insert the cursor after the character
A	Insert at the end of the row where the cursor is located
I	Insert the cursor before the character
I	Insert at the beginning of the row where the cursor is located
O	Insert a new line under the cursor
O	Insert a new line on the cursor

 

(2) Positioning command

Command	Function
: Set nu	Set row number
: Set nonu	Cancel row number
Gg	To the first line
G	To the last line
NG	To row n
: N	To row n
$	Move to end of line
0	Move to the beginning of the line

 

(3) Delete command

Command	Function
X	Delete the character at the cursor
Nx	Delete the last n characters at the cursor location
Dd	Delete the row where the cursor is located
DG	Delete the row where the cursor is located to the end of the file
Ndd	Delete n rows (including the current row) after the row where the cursor is located)
D	Delete the content from the cursor location to the end of the line
: N1, n2d	Delete specified range rows

 

(4) copy and cut commands

Command	Function
Yy	Copy current row
Nyy	Copy the following n rows of the current row (including the current row)
Dd	Cut current row
Ndd	Cut the following n rows of the current row (including the current row)
P, P	Paste the cursor to the bottom or row of the current cursor

 

(5) replace and cancel commands

Command	Function
R	Replace the character at the cursor
R	Replace the character from where the cursor is located, and Press ESC to end
U	Cancel the previous operation

 

(6) search and search replacement commands

Command	Function
/String	When searching for a specified string, Case sensitivity is ignored: set ic; When unignoring: set noic
N	Searches for the next occurrence location of a specified string.
: % S/old/new/g	Replace the specified string in full text
: N1, n2s/old/new/g	Replace a specified string within a certain range

G indicates no confirmation, and c indicates confirmation.

(7) Save and exit the command

Command	Function
: W	Save changes
: W new_filename	Save as specified file
: Wq	Save changes and exit
ZZ	Shortcut Key, save the modification and exit
: Q!	Do not save the changes and exit
: Wq!	Save the changes and exit (available to the file owner and root)

2. Tips for using vim

(1) import the content of a file to a text file in the following format:

: R file name

For example, create the test text, write the following content, and copy the content of/etc/issue to the test text.

[root@localhost ~]# vi testI am ws.What's your name?My name is LiMingI am glad to see you.

Insert the issue content in the next line of the last line. In command mode, enter: r/etc/issue, which can be:

I am ws.What's your name?My name is LiMingI am glad to see you!CentOS release 6.5 (Final)Kernel \r on an \m

(2) execute the corresponding operation command without exiting vim, in the format:

:! Command

For example, run the ls command in command mode.

I am glad to see you!CentOS release 6.5 (Final)Kernel \r on an \m :!ls[No write since last change]anaconda-ks.cfg  install.log  install.log.syslog

(3) Importing command execution results is equivalent to combining the first two in the format:

: R! Command

For example, add a date to the end of the test text and enter "r!" In command mode! Date. The result is:

I am ws.What's your name?My name is LiMingI am glad to see you!CentOS release 6.5 (Final)Kernel \r on an \mFri Jan  2 06:00:55 CST 2015

(4) define shortcuts

You can define shortcuts for Common commands in the following format:

Map shortcut key trigger command

Note: to create a shortcut key, press Ctrl + v + to create a letter.

Example 1: Create a shortcut key to add the annotator # to the beginning of the line. You only need to enter map ^ p I # <ESC> in command mode, ^ P is displayed after Ctrl + v + p is pressed at the same time. I # is the comment symbol inserted at the beginning of the line #. <ESC> indicates that the edit mode is switched out to the command mode.

Then execute Ctrl + p on the first line to obtain the following results:

#I am ws.What's your name?My name is LiMingI am glad to see you!CentOS release 6.5 (Final)Kernel \r on an \mFri Jan  2 06:00:55 CST 2015

Example 2: Create a shortcut for deleting the comments # at the beginning of a line. In command mode, enter map ^ B 0x.

Example 3: Create a shortcut for the mailbox under the current cursor. In command mode, enter the following command:

: Map ^ H i123@qq.com

(5) continuous comment line. This command is similar to the search replacement command 1. (6. For example, add the annotator # to multiple consecutive lines. In command mode, enter the following command:

: N1, n2s/^/#/g

^ Indicates the beginning of the line.

To cancel the continuous line comment, enter the following command in command mode:

: N1, n2s/^ # // g

If you use "//" to indicate the annotator, you can enter the following command in command mode:

: N1, n2s/^/\/g

"\" Indicates the escape character.

For example, add a // annotator to the first two lines of the test text:

//I am ws.//What's your name?My name is LiMingI am glad to see you!CentOS release 6.5 (Final)Kernel \r on an \mFri Jan  2 06:00:55 CST 2015

(6) Replacement

In a text file, you can replace one string with another, such as replacing mail with a 123@qq.com, with the command format:

: AB mail 123@qq.com

Then write the mail in the text, and press the space or Enter key, mail is automatically replaced with 123@qq.com.

The shortcut keys or replicas usually disappear when the system restarts. If you want to save the definition or replace of the shortcut keys for a long time, you can set them in the home directory of each user (such as root at/root, the user writes the configuration file under/home/user. vimrc (root, for example,/root /. vimrc), and then write the required command in edit mode in the configuration file, and the line does not need to add a colon (:).