Linux Learning Notes (ii)-AIX package principle and Linux RPM package __php

AIX package principles and Linux RPM packages

I. AIX package principle
1. Principle

2. File Set (Fileset) naming rules

Fileset This naming format basically describes the content and hierarchy of this set of files, which makes it easy for administrators to view and manage
3. Version number of the file set (Fileset)

Versions and release version numbers are upgraded to require purchase, and upgrades to the following two versions can be downloaded to the IBM Web site free of charge; each fileset has its own version number and the operating system has its version number.
4. Two installation states of the package applied and committed

-The old version of the software was upgraded to a applied state, the system was using a new version and the old version was not deleted
-After a commit, the old version is deleted, the package is committed, the Reject action is performed, the new version is removed, and the system is still in the old version
-Package upgrades, in order to apply the safe operation, first let the new software package in the applied state test run after a burst of commit; If you install a new package, you can directly committed

Two. Linux RPM package
1. Introduce
-RPM is an abbreviation for Redhat Package Manager (Redhat Package management tool)
-This file format name is Redhat, but its original design concept is open and now includes OpenLinux, S.U.S.E, and Linux distributions such as Turbo Linux are accepted as industry standards.
-An RPM package file is a collection of all the files that enable the application to run, which records the contents of the binary software, the location of the installation, the description of the package, the dependencies between the packages, and so on.
2. RPM's Architecture

3. Basic command
installation, upgrade and refresh of 3.1. rpm

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basic syntax:
 rpm-i package-filename.rpm (install)
 rpm-f package-filename.rpm (freshen)
 rpm-u PACKAGE-FILENAME.RPM (upgrade)
option:-
 v indicates that the details can be output-
 h to print 50 "#" symbols during installation, indicating the installation progress

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For example: Installing Packages package-10.2-67.i386.rpm
 # RPM-IHV package-10.2-67.i386.rpm
 Package: ########################### #############

Removal of 3.2. RPM Packages

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basic syntax:
  rpm-e package-filename
option:
  --nodeps Ignore package dependency hint

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For example: Delete Package KDELIBS3

If you use the following command to ignore the package's dependency hints

#rpm-E--nodeps kdelibs3

3.3. RPM Query
To inquire about the contents of the installed RPM:

Basic syntax: 
 rpm-q package-name         
option:-
 Q  A package is installed-a
 query for all installed RPM-
 F <file> Query owns a file of rpm -
 P <package-file> Query package file-I display the information of the  package-
 L packet  file information-
 s  displays the status of all files-
 D Show document file-
 c  display configuration file

3.4. RPM Calibration
-The RPM verification function can be used to confirm that the file is modified or overwritten

Basic syntax:
 #rpm-v package_name_to_verify 
parameter:-
 v checking integrity of all files related to an RPM package

Example 1: Checking the integrity of sendmail related files

#rpm-v sendmail 
s.5 .... T c/etc/aliases 
missing/etc/mail/ip_allow 
s.5 .... T c/etc/mail/relay_allow 
s.5 .... T c/etc/sendmail.cf 
s.5 .... T C/ETC/SENDMAIL.CW 
s.5 .... T/usr/sbin/sendmail 

Explanation: Only files that fail validation are listed and files that are not listed should be intact. The contents of the output give reasons why the checksum failed, as explained in the following detail:
-S = size change
-M = permission change
-L = Connection Change
-D = device change
-U = user change
-G = Group Change
-T = date and time change
-missing = file is missing

Example 2: Check the package in a single time, with the "-a" option to check all the RPM package one-time

This command lets the rpm check the RPM package installed on the server, outputs the output to the Rpm_chk.txt file, and the final option "&" indicates that the command runs in the background, giving the shell prompt to do other things

Example 3: Check a file without knowing which RPM package it belongs to, and use the "-QF" option to see which package installs the file

# Rpm-qf/usr/sbin/sendmail 

If a file does not have an associated RPM package

# Rpm-qf/sbin/.vile_stuff