Linux Learning notes--Network attribute management

Linux Network attribute configuration is divided into two types

Statically specified

by command: Ifcfg:ifconfig,route,netstat

Ip:object {link, addr, route}, SS, TC

You can also specify through a configuration file: System-config-network-tui

In addition, a new set of commands was added to CentOS 7: nmcli, Nmtui

Dynamic allocation

Dhcp

Here's how to use each command

Ifcfg

Ifconfig command
Ifconfig [Interface]
# Ifconfig–a View All interface status

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# ifconfig IFACE [Up|down] Open/close specified port
Ifconfig interface [Aftype] options | Address ...
# ifconfig IFACE Ip/mask [up]
# ifconfig IFACE IP netmask MASK

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Route command
Routing Management Commands
View: Route-n
Add: Route add
Route add [-net|-host] target [netmask Nm] [GW GW] [[Dev] If]

Target: 192.168.1.3 Gateway: 192.168.31.1

~]# Route add-host 192.168.1.3 GW 192.168.31.1 Dev eth0

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Target: 192.168.0.0 Gateway: 192.168.31.1
~]# Route add-net 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.31.1 Dev eth0
~]# Route add-net 192.168.0.0/24 GW 192.168.31.1 Dev eth0

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Default route, Gateway: 172.16.0.1
~]# Route add-net 0.0.0.0 netmask 0.0.0.0 GW 192.168.31.1
~]# route add default GW 192.168.31.1

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Delete: Route del
Route del [-net|-host] target [GW GW] [netmask Nm] [[Dev] If]

Target: 192.168.1.3 Gateway: 192.168.31.1

~]# Route Del-host 192.168.1.3

Target: 192.168.0.0 Gateway: 192.168.31.1
~]# Route del-net 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0

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Netstat command:

Show Network Connections:
netstat [--tcp|-t] [--udp|-u] [--raw|-w] [--listening|-l] [--all|-a] [--numeric|-n] [--EXTEND|-E[--EXTEND|-E]] [-- PROGRAM|-P]
-T:TCP protocol Related
-U:UDP protocol Related
-w:raw Socket Related
-L: In listening state
-A: all States
-N: Displays the IP and port numerically;
-E: Extended format
-P: Show related processes and PID

Common combinations:
-tan,-uan,-TNL,–UNL

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Show route table:
netstat {--route|-r} [--numeric|-n]
-R: Show kernel routing table
-N: Number format

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Display Interface Statistics:
netstat {--interfaces|-i|-i} [iface] [--all|-a] [--EXTEND|-E] [--program|-p] [--numeric|-n]

# netstat-i
# netstat-i IFACE

Ip

IP command:
IP [OPTIONS] OBJECT {COMMAND | help}

OBJECT: = {link | addr | route}

Link OBJECT:
IP link

Set
Dev IFACE
You can set properties:
Up and down: Activates or disables the specified interface;

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Show
[Dev IFACE]: Specify interface
[Up]: Show only interfaces that are in the active state

IP Address

IP Addr {add | del} ifaddr dev STRING
[Label label]: Indicates the NIC alias when adding an address
[Scope {Global|link|host}]: Indicates scope
Global: Globally available;
Link: only links are available;
Host: the machine is available;

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[Broadcast address]: Specify broadcast addresses

IP address show-look at protocol addresses
[Dev DEVICE]
[Label PATTERN]
[Primary and secondary]

IP Address Flush-flush protocol addresses
Use format with show

IP route

IP route add
Add route: IP route add TARGET via GW dev IFACE src source_ip
TARGET:
Host Routing: IP
Network routing: Network/mask

Add Gateway: IP route add defalt via GW Dev IFACE

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IP route Delete
Delete route: IP route del TARGET

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IP Route Show

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IP Route Flush
[Dev IFACE]
[Via PREFIX]

SS Command:
Format: ss [OPTION] ... [FILTER]
Options:
-T:TCP protocol Related
-U:UDP protocol Related
-W: Bare Socket related
-x:unix Sock Related
-l:listen State of connection
-A: All
-N: Number format
-P: Related programs and PID
-E: Extended information
-M: Memory usage
-O: Timer letter

Common combinations:
-tan,-TANL,-tanlp,–uan

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Modifying a configuration file can also be set for network properties

DNS server Specifies
/etc/resolv.conf
NameServer DNS_SERVER_IP1
NameServer DNS_SERVER_IP2
NameServer DNS_SERVER_IP3

IP, MASK, GW, DNS-related configuration files:/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-iface

Routing-related configuration files:/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-iface

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-iface:
Device: Devices to which this profile applies;
HWADDR: The MAC address of the corresponding device;
Bootproto: The address configuration protocol used when activating this device, commonly used DHCP, static, none, BOOTP;
NM_CONTROLLED:NM is the abbreviation of NetworkManager, whether the NIC accepts NM control, CentOS6 is recommended as "no";
Onboot: Whether this device is activated at system boot time;
Type: interface types; common Ethernet, Bridge;
UUID: The unique identification of the device;

IPADDR: Specify the IP address;
NETMASK: Subnet mask;
Gateway: Default gateways;
DNS1: The first DNS server points to;
DNS2: The second DNS server points to;

Userctl: Whether the ordinary user can control the device;
Peerdns: If the value of Bootproto is "DHCP", whether the DNS server assigned by DHCP server is allowed to point to information directly to the/etc/resolv.conf file;

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-iface
Two different styles:
(1) TARGET via GW

(2) Define one route per three lines
Address#=target
Netmask#=mask
Gateway#=gw

In addition, the CentOS 7 network configuration adds a new set of commands

Address Configuration Tool: Nmcli
NMCLI [OPTIONS] OBJECT {COMMAND | help}

Device-show and manage network interfaces

Connection-start, stop, and manage network connections

How to modify properties such as IP address:
#nmcli connection Modify IFACE [+|-]setting.property value
Setting.property:
Ipv4.addresses
Ipv4.gateway
Ipv4.dns1
Ipv4.method
Manual

Network Interface Configuration TUI tool: Nmtui

Linux Learning notes--Network attribute management