Linux Note 2-6 file commands

*****************6. File Command ********************
## 1.diff # #
diff     file File1         // Compare two different files
     -c                      //display different rows
     -u                       //generate patches According to unified format Unified output
     -r                      //comparing files in two directories
Patches     File File.patch    //patch
     -B                     //backing up the original file

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## 2.grep # #
grep key character File | Directory     //find rows in a file or directory that contain keywords
grep  -i                     //Ignoring case
     

       -c                    //display the number of filtered results
      -v                     //Reverse Filter
      -e                     //"keyword 1| keyword 2" Filter multiple keywords
      -r catalog               //Find files with keywords in the directory
Note: ^ keywords              //
        keywords starting with a keyword $              //

at the end of the keyword

Example: Searching for a row with root in the passwd file and ignoring the case

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Searches the passwd file for the row containing the root and displays the line number

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Count the number of rows in the passwd file that contain root

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Searches the passwd file for the row containing the root and the root is not in the beginning

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Search the passwd file for rows that contain root or student

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Search for root-containing files in/mnt

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# # 3.sort # # Sort
Sort-n//Pure Digital sorting
-U//Remove Redundancy
-t//Specify Separator
-k//Specify column
|UNIQ-C//Remove redundancy and count the number of redundancies
|UNIQ-D//Display redundant rows
|uniq-u//Show unique rows

Example: Sorting file files with pure numbers and removing redundancy

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Sort the file files purely digitally and remove redundancy and count redundancy

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Sort the second column as a delimiter by using the file with:

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To display the second column of redundant rows as delimiters for file files:

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To the file file with: As a delimiter for the second column to do a pure numeric sort remove redundancy and count redundancy

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Show second column unique row to file with: as delimiter

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# 4.cut # #

cut                          //  intercept character
     -d  Separators                //Specifies the delimiter

-C 1-4//display specified characters

# 5 . Sed # #

Tr ' A-Z ' A-z ' file//Convert case

Sed ' s/original character/replacement character/g ' File//Replace
-E ' policy 1 '-e ' policy 2 ' file//Multiple policy substitution
-I file//convert the converted content to the specified file
' 3,5s/original character/replacement character/g ' file//convert 3-5 lines
5d File//Mask line Fifth
5p file//copy line fifth
-N 5p file//Show only line fifth

Example: Converting all passwd files to uppercase

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Example: Replace the root of passwd full text with student

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Example: Replace the root of passwd full-text with student and replace all mail with Hello

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Example: Replace passwd's 3-5-line nologin with Root

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Example: View the passwd file and copy line fifth

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Example: Viewing the passwd file shows only line fifth

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# 6.awk # #

awk ' {pattern + action} ' {filenames}

Pattern represents what AWK looks for in the data, and the action is a series of commands that are executed when a match is found.

Practice, existing two files put the user name and user password of the user to be created separately

Create these users using scripts

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Linux Note 2-6 file commands