Linux Novice Training Camp--File management

File system directory Structure

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Blue indicates directory

Green---> Executable files

Red---> Compressed files

Light Blue---> link file

Grey---> Other files

Contents of each Directory

/boot boot necessary files, the kernel is stored in this

/bin basic commands that all users will use

/sbin administrator commands are saved here

/lib Basic library files and kernel module files required for startup

/etc configuration file directory

/root Root Home directory

/media Mobile Device mount point

/mnt temporary file system mount point

/dev device files and special file storage locations

B:block Device Random Access

C:character Device Linear Access

/OPT third-party application installation location

/srv data used to run the service

/tmp temporary file storage location

/USR Universal shared,read-only data

The bin guarantees that the system has full functionality and is provided by the application

Lib

LIB64 only exist in 64-bit systems

Header files for include C programs

Share structured independent data that can be read by multiple people, such as Doc,man

Local third-party program installation location

/prco is in-memory

/var:variable Data files

Cache Application Caches Data directory

LIB Application state information data

Local applications that are dedicated to/usr/local store variable data

Lock lock File

Log logs directory and files

Process-related data in run, typically used to store PID files

Spool Data Pool

Temporary data generated between two reboots of the TMP save system

/proc for exporting kernel-to-process information-related virtual file systems

/sys for outputting information about hardware devices on the current system virtual file system

/selinux Security echanced Linux, related policies

Ls

-ld displaying directory and symbolic link information

-1 Branch Display

-R Recursive display

-S from file size to small display

-D: Do not enter the directory

File wildcard characters

* Any number of characters

？ Any single character

~ Current User Home Directory

~username User Home Directory

~+ Current Working Directory

~-Previous working directory

[WXC] Any one of the characters in the table

Characters other than all characters in the [^wda] List

[:d igit:] Any number, equal to 0-9

[: Upper:] Any lowercase letter

[: Lower:] any uppercase

[: Alnum:] any number or letter

[: Alpha:] any case letter

[: Space:] Space

[:p UNCT:] Punctuation

Touch f[0-9]-->f[0-9]: Create file f[0-9]

Touch {1..100}-->f1-->f100: Create f1-->f100

Mkdir-p Testdir/dir2/dir{x/{a,b},y}: Create Dirx/a,/b,diry under TestDir

File status

Stat View

Categorical metadata (permission attributes), data

Time stamp:

Access time: Time to read files

Modity time:mtime, change file contents (data)

Change time:ctime, meta data occurs

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Touch

-A changes atime only

-M only changes Mtime

-T

-C: If the file does not exist, it is not created

Chattr +a: Lock Atime

Cp

CP SRC DEST

-I interaction

-r,r recursively copy directories and all internal content:

-a archive, equivalent to-DR--preserv=all

-D

-preserv

Mode: Permissions

Ownership: Belong to the main group

Timestamp: Time stamp

Links

Xattr

All

-p,--preserv=mode,ownership,timestamp

-f,--force-Mandatory Override, owner-owned group changed

SRC is multiple files, then dest must exist, and must be a directory, otherwise error

SRC as directory, using-R recursion

Dest for file, error

When Dest is a directory:

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Alias

Configuration file

~/.BASHRC only valid for current user

~/ETC/BASHRC Valid for all users

Directory Operations

Tree

-D Show only directories

-P Pattern: Displays only the paths that are matched by the specified pattern

Mkdir

-P

-V

-M MODE

RmDir: Delete Empty directory

-P: Recursive deletion of the parent empty directory

-V Show More information

Rm-r recursively delete a directory tree

Inode

Inode:index node, containing file-related metadata

Uid,gid, number of links, timestamps, pointers to data blocks, etc.

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CP,RM,MV Differences in inode usage

CP: Allocating idle inode numbers

RM: When deleting data, the inode is deleted first and data is temporarily not deleted

MV: On the same file system, the data does not move, just change the inode

When not on the same file system, MV=CP+RM

Hard Links: Link files and source files correspond to the same inode, only on the same file system

In Fielname linkname change one, the other also changes

Soft Links: Also called Symbolic links

Original file relative path: Relative to the soft link file path, not to the current working directory

Directories can have soft links that can span partitions

In-s

This article from "Linux on the" blog, declined reprint!

Linux Novice Training Camp--File management