Linux Operations One: installation of production environment CentOS6.6 system

CentOS 6.6 x86_64 Official Version System (64-bit)

Home of the system:http://www.xitongzhijia.net/linux/201412/33603.html

Baidu Network disk: HTTP://PAN.BAIDU.COM/S/1I5HSSNZ

Most articles of this blog are based on this system without special instructions!

Introduction to Linux system disk partitioning knowledge

1) disk is usually partitioned before use

2) disk partitions have primary partitions, extended partitions, and logical partitions. A disk can have up to 4 primary partitions, where one of the primary partitions can be replaced by an extended partition, where multiple logical partitions can be divided within the extended partition

3) If you plan for more than 4 partitions : The partition combination is 4primary+1extend or 2p + 1e or 1p + 1e

4) A disk can have at most one extended partition, the extended partition can not be used directly, you must divide the logical partition on the extended partition, and then format (create the file system) before you can save data or install the system

disk partition naming and Numbering methods

1) name by device name

• in the Linux systems, disk devices are generally stored in the "/dev" directory, different devices corresponding to the device name is as follows:
• the first piece of the system The IDE interface's hard disk is called/dev/hda
• the second block of the system The IDE interface's hard disk is called/DEV/HDB
• the first piece of the system The hard disk of the SCSI interface is called/DEV/SDA
• the second block of the system The hard disk of the SCSI interface is called/DEV/SDB

2) Use digital numbering

• To represent different partitions, numbers are usually numbered, such as:
• the first piece of the system The 1th partition of the IDE interface hard disk is called/DEV/HDA1
• the first piece of the system The 5th partition of the IDE interface hard disk is called/dev/hda5
• the second block of the system The 1th partition of the SCSI interface hard disk is called a/DEV/SDB1
• the second block of the system The 5th partition of the SCSI interface hard disk is called a/DEV/SDB5
• It is important to note that when partitioning numbers, the number 1~4 can only be left to the primary or extended partition, and the logical partition (which is based on the extended partition) number can only start at 5

Basic requirements for partitioning for Linux systems

1. at least one root (/) partition is required to store system files and programs. It is at least 5GB in size
2. to have a swap partition, which acts as virtual memory in Windows, the size of the swap partition is typically 1.5 times times the physical memory capacity (memory <8GB)"but when the system physical memory is greater than 8GB, Swap partition configuration 8-16GB, too big useless, wasted disk space "swap partition is not a must, but most of the situation is still set better, the individual enterprise database application scenario is not divided into swap
3. /boot partition, which is the boot partition of the Linux system for storing system boot files, such as the Linux kernel! The total size of all files is generally only dozens of MB, and will not grow too much later. Therefore, the partition can be set to 100-200MB. This partition is not required, either.

Precautions before installing the system

CentOS 6.6 System images are available in 32-bit and 64-bit two versions, and there are minimal versions that are optimized for server-production servers if it is large memory (4G or more), it is recommended to install the Centos-6.5-x86_64-minimal.iso version

1, the installation of the CentOS 6.6 system computer memory must be equal to or greater than 628M (minimum memory 628M) to enable the graphics installation mode;

2, CentOS 6.6 System installation method is divided into: Graphics installation mode and text installation mode;

3, CentOS 6.6 text installation mode does not support custom partitions, we recommend the use of graphical installation mode installation;

4, the CentOS 6.6 system operation mode is divided into: with a graphical interface, you can use the mouse to manipulate the graphical way and without a graphical interface, direct command-line operation of the text mode (CentOS minimal version by default is run in text mode, There is no custom option to run the system during the installation of the system);

Simple Introduction and comparison of 32-bit and 64-bit systems

Difference One: The original intention of the design is different

Difference Two: Requires different configuration

Difference three: The speed of operation is different

Difference four: Different addressing capabilities

Difference Five: Software popularization is different

installation of the centos6.6_64 bit system

Installation and configuration of virtual machines This article does not introduce here! The installation here starts after the virtual machine is installed! Virtual machine's hard disk capacity to 8 g, memory to 1G can!

1: Build the virtual machine and load the system image file

Here are 5 options, from top to bottom:

① Install or upgrade the existing system.

② install the system with the underlying display device.

③ Rescue mode.

④ boot from the local drive.

⑤ memory test.

Because this minor installation text mode of the system, but because of the use of custom partitions later, so here to choose the first option, specifically choose which according to their own requirements to choose, if you want to bring graphics, you can choose the second item.

2: Whether to detect the disc image file, the default is ' OK ', here choose ' Skip ', skip detection, enter.

3:CENTOS6 Series logo, Next

4: Select the system language, default to American ' English ', by default, next

5: Keyboard layout selection, default to ' American English style ', next

6: Install the system storage type, is the basic storage, or the specified storage, here Select Basic Storage, next.

7: Whether to ignore the data, select Yes, if it is a production environment, pay attention to the data backup

8: Define the name of the host, is equivalent to the name of the computer under Windows, where the network can be configured, because after we customize the configuration, here is skipped, direct next.

9: Time zone selection, select Shanghai, next.

10: Enter the root password, which is the administrator password, next.

11: Install the system in that type, each item has a description, want to know can experiment to see, here Choose Custom, manual partition installation, next

12: Enter the custom partition, prompt to initialize the hard disk, choose to write the modification to disk,

13: Enter partition interface to start partition, click Create, select Standard partition

14: Create '/boot ' partition, type select EXT4, size default 200mb! This is the default 200MB, and the boot partition will not increase much later! Click OK

Note here that the "mandatory primary partition" is selected at the bottom, and the English language is: Force to be primary patition

15: Set up the ' swap ' partition, swap partition is the file system type of the choice, the size of the physical memory of the 1.5~2 times, the production environment in general server memory is very large, often tens of millions of GB, hundreds of JB, if according to twice times the physical memory to allocate, it is not very big, It's scary, so here's a rule:

① memory size under 8GB, according to 1.5~2 times the size of the memory allocated swap partition capacity;

② memory size of more than 8GB, swap partition capacity of the unified 16GB, too big also useless

Here also check the bottom of the "mandatory primary partition" in English: Force to be primary patition

16: Finally set up '/' partition, capacity size choose to use all available space, production environment to be allocated according to requirements

Here also check the bottom of the "mandatory primary partition" in English: Force to be primary patition

17: Partition complete, Next ( note here, please partition in the order of boot, swap ,

18: Start formatting, will prompt warning, choose Format, go to format

19: Format complete, start install bootloader, default, Next

This step can choose "Use boot loader password", set a password! Does not set also does not matter, later still can set this password!

20: Here is the beginning of the installation program, according to the production scenario to minimize the installation principle, here Select Minimal, minimize the installation, and then select the following customization, next

21: Selection of the installation package

Here are a total of four installation packages to choose!

22: Start installing packages, the more packages, the longer the installation time, and finally wait for the

23: Congratulations! Installation complete, go to reboot, select reboot

This is the entire process of minimizing the installation of the CentOS6.6 version system.

Additions to the installation package

1, according to experience, choose to install the package should be minimized, that is not required or not sure whether the need is not installed, so as to maximize the security of the system.

2, if the installation process falls off some of the package group or other partners when the installation is not selected, after installation, you can fill in the following way when the installation is not installed package group:

Yum groupinstall "Compatibility Libraries" "Base" "Development tools" Yum Groupinstall "Debugging Tools" "Dial-up Networki NG Support "

You can view the specific installed components through the Yum GroupInfo package group.

3, the following is the installation of 6.6 after the system to check the status of the selection of packages:

[email protected] scripts]# yum grouplistinstalled Groups:   Base   compatibility libraries   debugging Tools   Development Tools   e-mail server   graphical administration Tools   Hardware monitoring Utilities   Legacy UNIX compatibility   Networking Tools   Performance Tools   Perl support   scientific support   Security Tools

You can see that in addition to our selection, some additional package groups are installed by default.

Note: Do not use Yum's delete feature to remove the software, it will remove the dependent dependencies, causing an unexpected problem.

Next share the CentOS6.6 production scene system after the installation of some configuration!

Linux Operations One: installation of production environment CentOS6.6 system