1, the creation of a 10G file system, the type of EXT4, requires the boot can be automatically mounted to a separate data/data directory;
Sure it's mbr/gpt[[email protected] ~]# lsblkname . MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTsda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 2M 0 part ├─sda2 8:2 0 1G 0 part /boot└─sda3 8:3 0 18.9G 0 part ├─centos-root 253:0 0 10g 0 lvm / ├─centos-swap 253:1 &Nbsp; 0 1g 0 lvm [swap] └─centos-home 253:2 0 7.9G 0 lvm /homesr0 11:0 1 1024m 0 rom [[email protected] ~]# parted /dev/sda printmodel: vmware, vmware virtual s (SCSI) Disk /dev/sda: 21.5gbsector size (logical/physical): 512b/512bpartition table: gptdisk flags: pmbr_ Bootnumber start end size file system Name Flags 1 1049kB 3146kb 2097kb bios_grub 2 3146kb 1077mb 1074mb xfs 3 1077mb 21.3gb 20.3gb lvm //partition a specified capacity disk [[email protected] ~]# gdisk /dev/sdagpt fdisk (Gdisk) Version 0.8.6partition table scan: mbr: protective bsd: not present apm: not present gpt: presentfound valid gpt with protective mbr; using gpt. command ( for help): npartition number (4-128, default 4): First sector (34-41943006, default = 41662464) or {+-}size{kmgtp}: last sector (41662464-41943006, default = 41943006)  OR&NBSp {+-}size{kmgtp}: +10g current type is ' Linux filesystem ' Hex code or GUID (l to show codes, enter = 8300): changed type of partition to ' Linux filesystem ' command (? for help): pdisk /dev/ Sda: 41943040 sectors, 20.0 giblogical sector size: 512 bytesdisk identifier (GUID): 974d2867-3522-4343-84a3-a2b26850627epartition table holds up to 128 entriesfirst usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 41943006partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundariestotal free space is 180157 sectors (88.0 MIB) number start ( Sector) End (sector) size code Name 1 2048 6143 2.0 MiB EF02 2 6144 2103295 1024.0 mib 0700 3 2103296 41662463 18.9 GiB 8E00 4 41662464 41764863 10 GiB 8300 linux filesystem//write to disk partition table command (? for help): wfinal checks complete . about to write gpt data. this will overwrite existingpartitions!! do you want to proceed? (y/n): yok; writing new guid partition table (GPT) to /dev/sda. Warning: the kernel is still using the old partition table. The new table will be used at the next reboot. the operation has completed successfully.//Update disk partition table [[email protected] ~]# Partprobe -s/dev/sda: gpt partitions 1 2 3 4[[email protected] ~] # lsblk /dev/sdaname maj:min RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTsda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 2M 0 part ├─sda2 8:2 0 1g 0 part /boot├─sda3 8:3 0 18.9g 0 part │ ├─centos-root 253:0 0 10g 0 lvm /│ ├─centos-swap 253:1 0 1g 0 lvm [swap]│ └─centos-home 253:2 0 7.9G 0 lvm /home└─sda4 8:4 0 10g 0 part // Formatted as EXT4[[EMAIL PROTECTEd] ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda4mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-dec-2013) Filesystem label=OS type: linuxblock size=1024 (log=0) fragment size=1024 (log=0) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks12824 inodes, 51200 blocks2560 blocks (5%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=1Maximum filesystem Blocks=336855047 block groups8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group1832 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks: 8193, 24577, 40961allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: Done Creating journal (4096 blocks): donewriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done//Mount to/data[[email PROTECTED] ~]# MKDIR /DATA[[EMAIL PROTECTED] ~]# BLKID /DEV/SDA4/DEV/SDA4: uuid= "d25d227a-4372-4ef1-950b-a14c7bb7e993" type= "Ext4" partlabel= "Linux filesystem" partuuid= "f9e0bbae-55e5-4968-8157-c78a6229688e" [[email protected] ~]# mount Uuid= "d25d227a-4372-4ef1-950b-a14c7bb7e993" /data[[email protected] ~]# df / datafilesystem 1k-blocks used available use% mounted on/dev/sda4 45478 1038 40856 3% /data
2, display the ' Netstat-tan ' command results with ' LISTEN ' followed by 0, one or more blank characters end of the line;
0 x [[email protected] ~]# netstat -tan | grep -e "LISTEN[^[:space:]]" 1 or more [[email protected] ~]# netstat -tan | grep -e "LISTEN[[:space: ]]+ "tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* listen tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* listen
3, add user Nginx, Zabbix, Tomcat, Nologin and Hadoop users (nologin user's shell is/sbin/nologin), and then find the/etc/passwd file in the same user name and shell name of the row;
add user [[email protected] ~]# useradd nginx[[email protected] ~]# useradd zabbix[[email protected] ~]# useradd Tomcat[[emai L protected] ~]# useradd nologin-s/sbin/nologin[[email protected] ~]# useradd hadoop//find the row in the/etc/passwd file that has the same user name as its shell name [ [Email protected] ~]# grep "^ ([[: Alnum:]]\{1,\}):. *\l$"/etc/passwd
4, find a word in the/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions file (the middle of the word can be underlined) followed by a set of parentheses line;
[[email protected] ~]# grep-n "[[: Alpha:]] ()"/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
5, use echo to output a path, and then egrep find its path base name; Further use Egrep to remove its directory name (note that the directory name, not the directory path);
[Email protected] ~]# echo "/home/hi" | GREP-E-O "[^/]+/?$] | Cut-d "/"-f1[[email protected] ~]$ echo "/home/hi" | Egrep-o "^/[[:alnum:]]+"
6. Find all files that are not root, bin or hadoop under the/usr directory;
[Email protected] hi]# find/etc root bin Hadoop [[email protected] ~]$ find/etc-not-user hi-a-not-user bin-a-not -user Hadoop
7, one day the system was invaded, hackers in your system to leave the Trojan file:
You now need to find all the files on the current system that are not owned by the master or group and have been visited in the last week;
In addition, it is necessary to find all files of more than 20k and type ordinary files in/etc directory;
[[email protected] hi]# find/etc-mtime-7[[email protected] ~]$ find/etc-size 20k-type F
8, create the directory/test/data, let a group of ordinary users have write permissions to it, and all the files created by the group is the directory belongs to the group; In addition, each user can only delete their own files.
[Email protected] hi]# mkdir-p/test/data [[email protected] hi]# chown root.tomcat/test/data[[email protected] hi]# US Ermod-g Tomcat Nginx[[email protected] hi]# usermod-g tomcat hadoop[[email protected] hi]# Chmod-g+ws,o+t/test/data
Linux OPS Practice case-December 20, 2015-December 31 (first time)