Linux Process Management Essays (1)

Process command pstreeCentOS7 show process tree

[[email protected] tmp]# pstreesystemd─┬─NetworkManager─┬─dhclient        │                └─2*[{NetworkManager}]        ├─abrt-watch-log        ├─abrtd        ├─atd        ├─auditd───{auditd}        ├─crond        ├─dbus-daemon───{dbus-daemon}        ├─dhclient        ├─firewalld───{firewalld}        ├─login───bash        ├─lsmd        ├─lvmetad        ├─master─┬─pickup        │        └─qmgr        ├─polkitd───5*[{polkitd}]        ├─rsyslogd───2*[{rsyslogd}]        ├─smartd        ├─sshd─┬─sshd───bash───pstree        │      └─sshd───bash───man───less        ├─systemd-journal        ├─systemd-logind        ├─systemd-udevd        ├─tuned───4*[{tuned}]        └─wpa_supplicant

CentOS7 Show Process Tree

[[email protected] ~]# pstreeinit─┬─abrtd     ├─acpid     ├─atd     ├─auditd───{auditd}     ├─automount───4*[{automount}]     ├─certmonger     ├─console-kit-dae───63*[{console-kit-da}]     ├─crond     ├─cupsd     ├─dbus-daemon     ├─dhclient     ├─hald─┬─hald-runner─┬─hald-addon-acpi     │      │             ├─hald-addon-inpu     │      │             └─hald-addon-rfki     │      └─{hald}     ├─httpd───8*[httpd]     ├─login───bash     ├─master─┬─pickup     │        └─qmgr     ├─mcelog     ├─5*[mingetty]     ├─mysqld_safe───mysqld───9*[{mysqld}]     ├─rpc.statd     ├─rpcbind     ├─rsyslogd───3*[{rsyslogd}]     ├─sshd───sshd───bash───pstree     ├─udevd───2*[udevd]     └─vsftpd

PS shows the process associated with the terminal

[[email protected] ~]# ps a  PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMAND 1915 tty2     Ss+    0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty2 1917 tty3     Ss+    0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty3 1920 tty4     Ss+    0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty4 1926 tty5     Ss+    0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty5 1935 tty6     Ss+    0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty6 2017 tty1     Ss+    0:01 -bash15342 pts/0    Ss     0:00 -bash15474 pts/0    R+     0:00 ps a

Show processes unrelated to the terminal

[[email protected] ~]# PS x PID TTY STAT time COMMAND 1?        Ss 0:18/sbin/init 2?        S 0:00 [Kthreadd] 3?        S 0:00 [migration/0] 4?        S 1:40 [ksoftirqd/0] 5?        S 0:00 [stopper/0] 6?        S 0:34 [watchdog/0] 7?        S 10:59 [events/0] 8?        S 0:00 [events/0] 9?        S 0:00 [events_long/0] 10?        S 0:00 [events_power_ef] 11?        S 0:00 [Cgroup] 12?        S 0:00 [Khelper] 13?        S 0:00 [Netns] 14?        S 0:00 [async/mgr] 15?        S 0:00 [PM] 16?        S 0:10 [sync_supers] 17?        S 0:13 [Bdi-default] 18?        S 0:00 [kintegrityd/0] 19?        S 0:16 [kblockd/0] 20?        S 0:00 [kacpid] 21?        S 0:00 [kacpi_notify] 22?        S 0:00 [Kacpi_hotplug] 23?        S 0:00 [Ata_aux] 24?        S 0:00 [ata_sff/0] 25? S     0:00 [KSUSPEND_USBD] 26?        S 0:07 [KHUBD] 27?        S 0:00 [Kseriod] 28?        S 0:00 [md/0] 29?        S 0:00 [md_misc/0] 30?        S 0:00 [Linkwatch] 33?        S 0:01 [KHUNGTASKD] 34?        S 0:17 [kswapd0] 35?        SN 0:00 [KSMD] 36?        S 0:00 [aio/0] 37?        S 0:00 [crypto/0] 44?        S 0:00 [kthrotld/0] 45?        S 0:00 [PCIEHPD] 47?        S 0:00 [kpsmoused] 48?        S 0:00 [Usbhid_resumer] 49?        S 0:00 [Deferwq] 81?        S 0:00 [Kdmremove] 82?        S 0:00 [kstriped] 113?        S 0:00 [Ttm_swap] 242?        S 0:00 [scsi_eh_0] 246?        S 0:00 [scsi_eh_1] 266?        S 1:08 [mpt_poll_0] 267?        S 0:00 [mpt/0] 268?        S 0:00 [scsi_eh_2] 363?        S 0:12 [flush-8:0] 416?        S 0:02 [jbd2/sda5-8] 417? S 0:00 [Ext4-dio-unwrit] 509?        S<s 0:02/sbin/udevd-d 645?        S 0:54 [Vmmemctl] 802?        S 0:00 [bluetooth] 869?        S 0:00 [jbd2/sda1-8] 870?        S 0:00 [Ext4-dio-unwrit] 871?        S 0:00 [jbd2/sda7-8] 872?        S 0:00 [Ext4-dio-unwrit] 873?        S 0:00 [jbd2/sda8-8] 874?        S 0:00 [Ext4-dio-unwrit] 875?        S 0:01 [jbd2/sda6-8] 876?        S 0:00 [Ext4-dio-unwrit] 877?        S 0:00 [jbd2/sda3-8] 878?        S 0:00 [Ext4-dio-unwrit] 879?        S 0:19 [jbd2/sda2-8] 880?        S 0:00 [Ext4-dio-unwrit] 923?        S 0:00 [KAUDITD] 1207?        S&LT;SL 0:03 AUDITD 1241?        Sl 0:03/sbin/rsyslogd-i/var/run/syslogd.pi 1369?        Ss 0:00 cupsd-c/etc/cups/cupsd.conf 1401?        Ss 0:00/usr/sbin/acpid 1414?        S 0:00 Hald-runner 1446?        S 0:00 hald-addon-input:listening on/dev/i 1488? SSL 0:17 automount--pid-fiLe/var/run/autofs.        1524?        Ss 0:00/usr/sbin/mcelog--daemon 1541?        Ss 0:01/usr/sbin/sshd 1578?        S 0:00/bin/sh/usr/bin/mysqld_safe--datadi 1799?        Ss 0:09/usr/libexec/postfix/master 1828?        Ss 0:00/USR/SBIN/ABRTD 1839?        Ss 1:29/usr/sbin/httpd 1851?        Ss 0:06 Crond 1866?        Ss 0:00/usr/sbin/atd 1882?        Ss 0:01/usr/sbin/certmonger-s-p/var/run/c 1912?  Ss 0:00 Login--Root 1915 tty2 ss+ 0:00/sbin/mingetty/dev/tty2 1917 Tty3 ss+ 0:00/sbin/mingetty      /dev/tty3 1920x1080 tty4 ss+ 0:00/sbin/mingetty/dev/tty4 1926 tty5 ss+ 0:00/sbin/mingetty/dev/tty5 1935 Tty6        ss+ 0:00/sbin/mingetty/dev/tty6 1950?        Sl 0:00/usr/sbin/console-kit-daemon--no-dae tty1 ss+ 0:01-bash 6563?        Ss 0:04 dhclient12320?        s< 0:02/sbin/udevd-d12321?        s< 0:00/sbin/udevd-d13048? S 0:00/USR/libexec/hald-addon-rfkill-killsw13492?        Ss 0:00/usr/sbin/vsftpd/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.c15340? Rs 0:02 sshd: [email protected]/0 15342 pts/0 Ss 0:00-bash15475 pts/0 r+ 0:00 PS x

User-centric display of all processes

[[email protected] ~]# ps aux

Show all processes in full format

[[email protected] ~]# ps -efUID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMDroot         1     0  0 Jun15 ?        00:00:18 /sbin/initroot         2     0  0 Jun15 ?        00:00:00 [kthreadd]root         3     2  0 Jun15 ?        00:00:00 [migration/0]root         4     2  0 Jun15 ?        00:01:41 [ksoftirqd/0]root         5     2  0 Jun15 ?        00:00:00 [stopper/0]

Processes that display all task formats

[[email protected] ~]# ps -ej  PID  PGID   SID TTY          TIME CMD    1     1     1 ?        00:00:18 init    2     0     0 ?        00:00:00 kthreadd    3     0     0 ?        00:00:00 migration/0    4     0     0 ?        00:01:41 ksoftirqd/0    5     0     0 ?        00:00:00 stopper/0    6     0     0 ?        00:00:35 watchdog/0    7     0     0 ?        00:12:17 events/0    8     0     0 ?        00:00:00 events/0

All processes in a tree-like display task format

[[email protected] ~]# ps-ejh PID pgid SID TTY time CMD 2 0 0?        00:00:00 Kthreadd 3 0 0?        00:00:00 migration/0 4 0 0?        00:01:41 ksoftirqd/0 5 0 0?        00:00:00 stopper/0 6 0 0?        00:00:35 watchdog/0 7 0 0?        00:12:17 events/0 8 0 0?        00:00:00 events/0 9 0 0?        00:00:00 events_long/0 10 0 0?        00:00:00 events_power_ef 11 0 0?        00:00:00 cgroup 12 0 0?        00:00:00 khelper 13 0 0?        00:00:00 netns 14 0 0?        00:00:00 async/mgr 15 0 0?        00:00:00 pm 16 0 0?        00:00:10 sync_supers 17 0 0?        00:00:14 bdi-default 18 0 0?        00:00:00 kintegrityd/0 19 0 0?        00:00:16 kblockd/0 20 0 0?        00:00:00 kacpid 21 0 0? 00:00:00 kacpi_notify 22 0 0?        00:00:00 kacpi_hotplug 23 0 0?        00:00:00 Ata_aux 24 0 0?        00:00:00 ata_sff/0 25 0 0?        00:00:00 KSUSPEND_USBD 26 0 0?        00:00:07 khubd 27 0 0?        00:00:00 kseriod 28 0 0?        00:00:00 md/0 29 0 0?        00:00:00 md_misc/0 30 0 0?        00:00:00 Linkwatch 33 0 0?        00:00:01 KHUNGTASKD 34 0 0?        00:00:17 kswapd0 35 0 0?        00:00:00 KSMD 36 0 0?        00:00:00 aio/0 37 0 0?        00:00:00 crypto/0 44 0 0?        00:00:00 kthrotld/0 45 0 0?        00:00:00 PCIEHPD 47 0 0?        00:00:00 kpsmoused 48 0 0?        00:00:00 Usbhid_resumer 49 0 0?        00:00:00 DEFERWQ 81 0 0?        00:00:00 kdmremove 82 0 0? 00:00:00 kstriped 113 0    2}        00:00:00 Ttm_swap 242 0 0?        00:00:00 scsi_eh_0 246 0 0?        00:00:00 scsi_eh_1 266 0 0?        00:01:12 mpt_poll_0 267 0 0?        00:00:00 mpt/0 268 0 0?        00:00:00 scsi_eh_2 363 0 0?  00:00:13 flush-8:0        416 0 0?        00:00:02 jbd2/sda5-8 417 0 0?        00:00:00 Ext4-dio-unwrit 645 0 0?        00:00:58 Vmmemctl 802 0 0?        00:00:00 bluetooth 869 0 0?        00:00:00 jbd2/sda1-8 870 0 0?        00:00:00 ext4-dio-unwrit 871 0 0?        00:00:00 jbd2/sda7-8 872 0 0?        00:00:00 ext4-dio-unwrit 873 0 0?        00:00:00 jbd2/sda8-8 874 0 0?        00:00:00 ext4-dio-unwrit 875 0 0?        00:00:01 jbd2/sda6-8 876 0 0?        00:00:00 ext4-dio-unwrit 877 0 0?        00:00:00 jbd2/sda3-8 878 0 0? 00:00:00   Ext4-dio-unwrit 879 0 0?        00:00:21 jbd2/sda2-8 880 0 0?        00:00:00 ext4-dio-unwrit 923 0 0?        00:00:00 KAUDITD 1 1 1?        00:00:18 Init 509 509 509?        00:00:02 udevd12320 509 509?        00:00:02 udevd12321 509 509?        00:00:00 UDEVD 1207 1207 1207?        00:00:03 AUDITD 1241 1235 924?        00:00:03 rsyslogd 1292 1292 1292?        00:00:03 rpcbind 1314 1314 1314?        00:00:00 rpc.statd 1348 1348 1348?        00:00:01 Dbus-daemon 1369 1369 1369?        00:00:00 cupsd 1401 1401 1401?        00:00:00 acpid 1413 1413 1413?        00:00:10 Hald 1414 1413 1413?        00:00:00 Hald-runner 1446 1413 1413?        00:00:00 Hald-addon-inpu 1464 1413 1413?        00:00:00 hald-addon-acpi13048 1413 1413?        00:00:00 Hald-addon-rfki 1488 1488 1488?        00:00:19 automount 1524 1524 1524? 00:00:00 Mcelog 1541 1541 1541?        00:00:01 sshd15340 15340 15340?   00:00:03 sshd15342 15342 15342 pts/0 00:00:00 bash16685 16685 15342 pts/0 00:00:00 PS 1578 1546        924?        00:00:00 Mysqld_safe 1682 1546 924?        00:04:16 mysqld 1799 1799 1799?        00:00:10 Master 1810 1799 1799?        00:00:01 qmgr16656 1799 1799?        00:00:00 Pickup 1828 1828 1828?        00:00:00 abrtd 1839 1839 1839?        00:01:34 httpd 1939 1839 1839?        00:00:00 httpd 1940 1839 1839?        00:00:00 httpd 1941 1839 1839?        00:00:00 httpd 1942 1839 1839?        00:00:00 httpd 1943 1839 1839?        00:00:00 httpd 1944 1839 1839?        00:00:00 httpd 1945 1839 1839?        00:00:00 httpd 1946 1839 1839?        00:00:00 httpd 1851 1851 1851?        00:00:06 crond 1866 1866 1866?        00:00:00 ATD 1882 1882 1882? 00:00:01 Certmonger 1912  1912 1912? 00:00:00 Login tty1 00:00:01 Bash 1915 1915 1915 Tty2 00:00:00 Mingetty

Display process-related information in a process-level format

[[email protected] ~]# ps -eFH | headUID        PID  PPID  C    SZ   RSS PSR STIME TTY          TIME CMDroot         2     0  0     0     0   0 Jun15 ?        00:00:00 [kthreadd]root         3     2  0     0     0   0 Jun15 ?        00:00:00   [migration/0]root         4     2  0     0     0   0 Jun15 ?        00:01:41   [ksoftirqd/0]root         5     2  0     0     0   0 Jun15 ?        00:00:00   [stopper/0]root         6     2  0     0     0   0 Jun15 ?        00:00:35   [watchdog/0]

View SELinux Process Information

[[email protected] ~]# ps axZ | headLABEL                             PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMANDsystem_u:system_r:init_t:s0         1 ?        Ss     0:58 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 21system_u:system_r:kernel_t:s0       2 ?        S      0:00 [kthreadd]system_u:system_r:kernel_t:s0       3 ?        S      0:04 [ksoftirqd/0]system_u:system_r:kernel_t:s0       7 ?        S      0:00 [migration/0]system_u:system_r:kernel_t:s0       8 ?        S      0:00 [rcu_bh]system_u:system_r:kernel_t:s0       9 ?        S      0:00 [rcuob/0]system_u:system_r:kernel_t:s0      10 ?        S      0:00 [rcuob/1]system_u:system_r:kernel_t:s0      11 ?        S      0:00 [rcuob/2]system_u:system_r:kernel_t:s0      12 ?        S      0:00 [rcuob/3]

Show only the root process information

[[email protected] ~]# ps -U root | head  PID TTY          TIME CMD    1 ?        00:00:58 systemd    2 ?        00:00:00 kthreadd    3 ?        00:00:04 ksoftirqd/0    7 ?        00:00:00 migration/0    8 ?        00:00:00 rcu_bh    9 ?        00:00:00 rcuob/0   10 ?        00:00:00 rcuob/1   11 ?        00:00:00 rcuob/2   12 ?        00:00:00 rcuob/3

Display only related column information through the-o parameter

[[email protected] ~]# ps axo pid,psr,command | head  PID PSR COMMAND    1   0 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 21    2   0 [kthreadd]    3   0 [ksoftirqd/0]    7   0 [migration/0]    8   0 [rcu_bh]    9   0 [rcuob/0]   10   0 [rcuob/1]   11   0 [rcuob/2]   12   0 [rcuob/3]

Pgrep and pkillpgrep only show process numbers

[[email protected] ~]# pgrep -u root | head12378910111213

Pgrep only show process number and process name

[[email protected] ~]# pgrep -u root -l | head -201 systemd2 kthreadd3 ksoftirqd/07 migration/08 rcu_bh9 rcuob/010 rcuob/111 rcuob/212 rcuob/313 rcuob/414 rcuob/515 rcuob/616 rcuob/717 rcu_sched18 rcuos/019 rcuos/120 rcuos/221 rcuos/322 rcuos/423 rcuos/5

PGREP displays only the process full name of the process number, including the parameters used

[[email protected] ~]# pgrep-u root-a 1/usr/lib/systemd/systemd--switched-root--system--deserialize 212 Kthread D3 ksoftirqd/07 migration/08 rcu_bh9 rcuob/010 rcuob/111 rcuob/212 rcuob/313 rcuob/414 rcuob/515 rcuob/616 rcuob/717 rcu_s  Ched18 rcuos/019 rcuos/120 rcuos/221 rcuos/322 rcuos/423 rcuos/524 rcuos/625 rcuos/726 watchdog/027 khelper28 kdevtmpfs29 Netns30 perf31 writeback32 kintegrityd33 bioset34 kblockd35 md40 khungtaskd41 kswapd042 ksmd43 fsnotify_mark44 crypto52 k throtld54 kmpath_rdacd55 kpsmoused57 ipv6_addrconf77 deferwq108 kauditd244 ata_sff245 scsi_eh_0246 scsi_tmf_0247 scsi_ eh_1248 scsi_tmf_1252 mpt_poll_0253 mpt/0255 events_power_ef261 scsi_eh_2262 scsi_tmf_2264 ttm_swap283 xfsalloc284 xfs_ mru_cache285 xfs-buf/sda6286 xfs-data/sda6287 xfs-conv/sda6288 xfs-cil/sda6289 xfsaild/sda6311 xfs-buf/sda5312 xfs-data/sda5313 xfs-conv/sda5314 xfs-cil/sda5315 xfsaild/sda5373/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald387/usr/sbin/ Lvmetad-f401/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd

Pidof

根据进程名获取pid[[email protected] ~]# pidof sshd11127 1184

Toptop

P: Percent of CPU at percentage rate:
M: Percent memory percentage;
T: Cumulative rate CPU is often

Top Modify Refresh time interval

top - 05:51:44 up 19:27,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0Tasks: 132 total,   2 running, 130 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 z%Cpu(s):  0.0 us,  1.0 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.0 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi, KiB Mem :   500148 total,    12888 free,   141488 used,   34577KiB Swap:  4194300 total,  4193364 free,      936 used.   30878Change delay from 1.0 to   PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S %CPU %MEM     1 root      20   0  126560   7384   2632 S  0.0  1.5     2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0     3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0     7 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0     8 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0     9 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  

Kill the process in the top command with the Q command

top - 05:52:43 up 19:28,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0Tasks: 132 total,   3 running, 129 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 z%Cpu(s):  0.3 us,  0.5 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.1 id,  0.1 wa,  0.0 hi, KiB Mem :   500148 total,    12776 free,   141600 used,   34577KiB Swap:  4194300 total,  4193364 free,      936 used.   30867PID to signal/kill [default pid = 11925]   PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S %CPU %MEM 11925 root      20   0  146160   1920   1360 R  6.2  0.4     1 root      20   0  126560   7384   2632 S  0.0  1.5     2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0

Top refreshes every second

[[email protected] ~]# top -d 1

Top Show all processes from top to bottom batches

[[email protected] ~]# top -b

Top only shows the end of 3 batches of processes

[[email protected] ~]# top -b -n 3

Htop

Linux Process Management Essays (1)