Linux Programming 1 (File system path description, directory structure description)

A. linux File system path description

Familiar with Windows systems, all know the file path representation, such as C:\User\rich\Documnets\test.doc.

In Linux, a directory called the virtual directory root directory is root, and directories and files under the root directory are listed in the directory path to which they are accessed.  such as:/home/rich/documnets/test.doc (Slash is the opposite of Windows system). The path itself does not provide any information about exactly which physical disk the file resides on. The first hard drive installed on a Linux PC is called the root drive. The root drive contains the core of the virtual directory, and the other directories are built from there.

Creating some special directories on the root drive is called mount point. Mount points are directories in the virtual directory that are used to allocate additional storage devices. Virtual directories cause files and directories to appear in these mount point directories, but in fact they are stored in a different drive.

Usually the system files are stored in the root drive, and the user files are stored in another drive, such as:
　　　　　

The above shows two hard drives in the computer. A hard disk is associated with the root directory of the virtual directory. The remaining hard drives can be mounted anywhere in the virtual directory structure. In the example above, the second drive is mounted to the/home location.

Two. System file directory structure description

　　

Directory	Description
/	The root directory of a virtual directory, which typically does not store files here
/bin	Binary directory, the GNU tool for user-level storage
/boot	Start directory, store startup files
/dev	Device directory, where the system creates the device node
/etc	System Configuration file Directory
/home	Home directory, where the system creates the user directory
/lib	Library directories, library files for systems and applications
/media	Media catalog, common mount points for removable media devices
/mnt	Mount directory, another common mount point for removable media devices
/opt	Optional directory, often used to store third-party packages and data files
/proc	Process directory, storing information about existing hardware and current processes
/root	Root User's home directory
/sbin	System binaries directory, storing many GNU administrator-level tools
/run	Run directory to store runtime data when the system is operating
/srv	Service catalog, files related to local services
/sys	The system directory, which holds the system hardware information related files
/tmp	Temporary directory where you can create delete temporary working files in this directory
/usr	User binaries directory, large number of user-level GNU tools and data file storage
/var	A variable directory for storing frequently changing files, such as log files

Linux Programming 1 (File system path description, directory structure description)