Linux related shortcut keys

Linux related shortcut keys

http://linux.chinaunix.net/begin/2004-10-05/34.shtml#_Toc41417098

1. Using the Virtual Console
after logging in, press the "ALT+F2" key to see the "Login:" prompt, which is the second Virtual Console. Generally the newly installed Linux has four virtual consoles, which can be accessed by "alt+f1" to "Alt+f4". The most useful time for a virtual console is to switch to another Virtual console when a program fails to lock the input, and then kill the wrong process with the kill command after logging in.
2. Copy and paste
after the character interface is installed, a program called GPM is automatically run each time it is started, and the program can be copied and pasted with the mouse after running. The specific method is to hold down the left mouse button to drag the text to be copied anti-white, then the anti-white area has been copied, and then press the right mouse button to copy the content will be pasted in the cursor location.
Under X-window, copy operation and character interface, if you use a three-button mouse, press the middle button to paste, if it is a two-button mouse, you can press the right and left key to paste.
3. Quick access to certain directories
type cd~ to enter the user's home directory. Type cd-to enter the previous entry directory.
4. Display a list of color catalogs under Redhat
Open/ETC/BASHRC and add the following line:
alias Ls=″ls--color″
The next time you start bash, you'll be able to display a list of colored catalogs as you would in Slackware, where the meanings of the different colors are as follows:
Blue → catalogue
green → executable file
red → zip file
light blue → link file
grey → other files
5. Path to the command file
when you type some commands, do you want to know which directory the files are in? The command "Whereis" can be implemented, such as:
#whereis startx
6. Find Files
The find command needs to add some parameters to find the file, such as:
#find/usr-name xf86setup-print
find the file Xf86setup in/usr.

7. Delete the useless core file
once the program runs, it sometimes produces a file called core, which is generally large and useless, and can be deleted to free up space.
Norton Commander in 8.Linux
after you type command MC at the prompt you will see a very similar interface to Norton Commander, which is actually similar or even more powerful, such as the ability to directly manipulate files in the. tar.gz package.
9. Running the X-window program in the background
do not forget to add a number after executing a x-window program, otherwise you will not be able to enter commands in that terminal window until you exit the execution program.
10. Forced Exit X-window
sometimes in the X-window due to the program error, so that the mouse keyboard does not work, this time do not worry, because in Linux almost will not like in the win 9x as the vicious panic, you only need to type Ctrl+alt+backspace key can return to the character interface.
Command mode
x//delete the character of the cursor
r//Modify the character where the cursor is located, and then the characters to be corrected after R.
R//Enter the replacement state.
S//delete the character of the cursor and enter the input mode.
S//delete the column where the cursor is located and enter the input mode.
u//Can recover deleted text.
U//Can restore all changes in the column where the cursor is located.
command-line shortcut keys
Ctrl + A: Moves the cursor to the beginning of the line.
ctrl+e: Moves the cursor to the end of the line.
ctrl+l: Clears the terminal. This shortcut works the same as typing clear at the command line.
ctrl+d: Log off and close from the shell prompt, you do not have to type exit to use the shortcut key.
Ctrl+u: Clears the current line. If you are working at the command line, use this shortcut to clear the characters from the cursor to the beginning of the row.
CTRL+ALT+FN: Toggles the screen. One of the ctrl+alt+ function keys will display a new screen. Depending on the default settings, from F1 to F6 is the shell prompt screen.
Ctrl+k: Removes all characters from the cursor to the end of the line.
up and down arrows: Displays the command history. Bash holds a list of previously typed commands, called the Command history table.
Speace+b: One word forward.
middle mouse button: Pastes the highlighted text. Use the left mouse button to highlight the text, pointing the cursor to the place where you want to paste the text, click the middle mouse button to paste. In two-button mouse system, if the mouse is configured to simulate the third key, you can click the left and right mouse buttons to perform the paste.
Tab: Command line Auto-complete.

ctrl+alt+delete: Shut down and reboot, use this method only if the normal shutdown does not work. Linux Federation Collection and collation
Command mode Ctrl] jumps to the label where the current word corresponds; CTRL-G displays the current file and the current cursor position; Ctrl-w ctrl-^ Separate a window to edit the previous file; Ctrl-w ctrl-c close the current window; Ctrl-t return to the position before the call tag, corresponding to Ctrl], insert mode CTRL-C exit Insert mode, back to command mode, equivalent to ESC; ctrl-[with Ctrl-c; ctrl-d Decrease indentation; Ctrl-t increase indentation; Ctrl-w Delete the entire word before the cursor, command line mode CTRL-C exit Insert mode, back to command mode, equivalent to ESC; NOTE: The Old VI command-line mode of the ESC function is to execute the command rather than exit, but in the VIM command line mode ESC has been set as the exit key; ctrl-d display of all possible options; Ctrl-r Ctrl-w Take the word at the cursor to the command line;
K on
h L around
J down
^ Move to the first non-whitespace character of the line prompt
W move forward a word and use the symbol or punctuation as a word
W move forward a word without a symbol or punctuation as a word
b Move one word backwards to treat the symbol or punctuation as a word
B Move backward one word and do not treat the symbol or punctuation as a word
0 to the beginning of the line
$ to end of line
GG to the top of the page
G to end of page
line number +g jump to the specified line
Ctrl+g querying the current line and the current file
FX jumps right to bank character X
Fx jumps left to bank character X
TX and FX are the same, the difference is jumping to the character x before
Tx and FX are the same, the difference is after jumping to the character x
ctrl+u scrolling up half screen
ctrl+d scroll down half screen
Linux Desktop Usage tips
1. Often encounter this situation: in the browser's page to select a large section of content, right-click menu selection Copy, to Kword.openoffice or other word processing software in the document paste, often paste not on. If the selected content is shorter, may I ask why? Is there any way out?
ATFA: My solution is to first paste into vim, and then process, it seems that vim can accept a long long paste
2. Create a shortcut to a custom icon for an application on the KDE menu desktop?

Linux Blind: First talk about how to create a shortcut to a custom icon for an application on the KDE menu:
1. Right-click to start and select "Panel-Menu Editor" in the dialog box that pops up.
2. In the popup menu editor, click "New menu item" and fill in the corresponding name.
3. Click the browse icon later in the command entry to find the program you want to create a shortcut for.
4. Click the browse icon at the back of the work path to find the folder where the program is located.
5. Click the large icon at the back of the work path to match your favorite icon to the shortcut.
6, in the current key column can be set for the program a shortcut key!
7. After applying, open the Start menu and see if the shortcut you just created appears in the Start menu!
talk about how to create a shortcut to a custom icon for an application on the desktop of KDE:
The first method: Move the shortcut you just created in the menu to the desktop, release the mouse, and select "Copy Here" in the popup dialog box to create a shortcut on the desktop. To change the icon for this shortcut, simply right-click the shortcut and select "Properties" in the popup dialog box to change the icon!
The second method: Right-click the blank space in the desktop and select "New-Application Link" in the popup dialog box. Then click "Execute" in the pop-up window, and in the command bar, follow the navigation key to find the appropriate program. Click "General", make a name, change the icon and so on, the last point to determine, so on the desktop also created a shortcut!
3. How do I create a shortcut on the GNOME desktop?
Dalin: Right-click on the desktop "new Luncher", or in the File Manager, right-click to execute the file to the desktop, select "Create Link"
4. Clear the browsing history of Konqueror
JHCC: Open konqueror, display navigation panel, third item is history, right-click menu has clear history function.
5. How do I convert my desktop manager?
LLC: If you are using the character interface StartX into the desktop manager, first perform switchdesk KDE or Switchdesk Gnome re-startx will be able to access different desktop management. If you are using a graphical login manager, it's easier to select the desktop manager you want to login to in the session, then log on to it .
6.rh8.0 Input Method minichinput How to switch half/full-width punctuation?
LLC: Press CTRL +. Toggle
7. Clear the address record in the Konqueror Address bar drop-down list box
LLC: Delete the ~/.kde/share/config/konq_history file to clear the record in the drop-down box of the address bar. Of course, you can edit it if you like, choose which ones to keep and which ones don't.
8. How do I remove the name of the program history menu at the top of the K menu?
LLC: "Control Center"-"Look and feel"-"Panel"-"menu"-"Maximum Quick Start" item number, set to 0 so that the history menu items are not visible, or, edit ~/.KDE/SHARE/CONFIG/KICKERRC this file, find a line similar to the following:
recentappsstat=2 1035439257 system settings/gnome-gdmsetup.desktop,9 1037074821 system
this line is to record the history of those running the program, where the previous number represents the number of times it has been run
If you don't like it, delete all the lines after the equals sign, and you'll be out of it.

9. Add a Quick Launch icon to the bottom panel of the red Hatlinux desktop
Shuxian: For example, want to add a star translation of the King's quick-start icon, you can directly drag the star translation of the King's execution file to the taskbar, which will pop up a dialog to let you enter, will you want to name, tips and so on to choose a good-looking icon, click OK, ok a quick start icon done!
10. How can I replace the KDE splash splash screen?
LLC: Replace the corresponding picture under/usr/share/apps/ksplash
some tips for 11.MDK
Eagle:
Open HTML File Control center with Mozilla--file browsing--text--html--embedding--displaying files in a newly opened viewer
kill Xwindows window with Xkill: application-system monitoring tool, suggest you better drag a shortcut to the desktop, this is a very useful tool, RH also has
Double-click Open File: Configure--kde-Peripherals-mouse
Anywhere with the middle mouse button to select a part of the content, in other can receive character window, press the middle button, try it, this applies to any Linux system
ALT+F2 can run programs, similar to running under Windows
12. Install the Konqueror Flash plugin
llc:konqueror 5.0 Flash plug-in support is not good, often can not load plug- INS
recommended to use the 6.0flash plug-in, Konqueror can be easily loaded, install the installation of the installation to the Mozilla installation directory, and then in the Konqueror plug-in scanning path settings in the plug-in path to the Mozilla plugin directory, re-scan to find new plug-ins, and then re-shipped Line Konqueror should be able to support Flash.
13. How do I exit from the X Window interface to the character interface?
Summary:
CTRL+ALT+F1~F6 can switch to six consoles of Linux on the fly, Ctrl+alt+f7 back to Xwindows
If you are using STARTX to enter the Xwin, you can also ctrl+alt+backspace forcibly quit Xwin
run init 3 or exit the graphical interface to enter character mode
14. What is GDM? What is KDM? How to switch? How to set?
LLC: The most reliable way to modify/etc/inittab, see:
15. How to let the system automatically run some small programs when starting KDE or gnome Windows
LLC: Create a shortcut or link under the ~/.kde/autostart folder that is equivalent to the Win98 "startup" folder. In the case of GNOME, you should use "other"-"preferences"-"Sessions" In the Last tab bar, add a session to fill in the command to run the program

16. How do I customize the K menu?
LLC: Right-click on the K menu flag, select Menuedit, or run Kmenuedit
17. How do I rename the Recycle Bin in rh8,kde and change its icon?
LLC: Icons can be directly modified by right-click, name can be modified ~/desktop/trash/.directory in the relevant name field to achieve
18. Hidden files under the directory, how to look under the Xwindow
Summary: Use LS-A command in terminal
if it is KDE, choose "Show hidden Files" in Konqueror's "View" menu, if Gnome looks here:
What if the KDE desktop icon disappears?
one of the most common situations where a pk:kde error but not a crash is that the desktop disappears and the core file is generated in the user directory, and many times the user has to exit X and restart to solve the problem. As a matter of fact, we can restore the desktop simply by running the/usr/bin/kdesktop without parameters in terminal.
In addition, the program that corresponds to the taskbar is/usr/bin/kicker. If you accidentally kill the taskbar with Xkill, you can also run kicker without parameters to get it back. In fact, KDE starts with Kdesktop, then kicker, and then a gadget like Ktip and Klipper.
How to intercept screen images in 20.rh8
Summary: Gnome under the Printscreen button, KDE run Ksnapshot, or own a capture diagram software, such as Captura
Common shortcuts for 21.gnome
ctl+b Bookmarks
ctl+d copy and paste
Ctl+f Find
shift+ctl+f Web Lookup
ctl+i Display Property Pages
ctl+h Switch to Home
ctl+u Upward level
Ctl+n Creating a new folder
Ctl+o Open
ctl+w Close Window
shift+ctl+w Close All Windows
ctl+= magnification
ctl+-Shrinking
ctl+[return
ctl+] Forward
Ctl+t put it in the garbage bin.
Ctl+r Refresh
ctrl+alt+d Display Desktop
22.KDE common shortcut keys
ctl+tab Switch Work Desktop
ALT + TAB switch application
ALT+F1 Open the Application menu
alt+f2 Open a command window
alt+f3 Open Window menu
alt+f4 Close Window
F1 Help
F2 Search in the page
f3 Find Next in Page
Space Check/uncheck file
ctl+n Open File Manager to find a Web page
Ctl+a Select all files and directories in the current directory
Ctl+t Open a terminal in the current directory
ctl+w Close Window
ctl+f searching for files
ctl+c Copy
ctl+v Paste
ctrl+alt+d Display Desktop

Linux related shortcut keys