Linux rookie Beginner's knowledge of Linux systems

System File Management

a Linux system architecture

The difference between a Linux system and a Windows system is superficially similar to the iOS operating system and Android, where the storage of Linux systems is based on the root directory, which is different from the Windows system's sub-disk. In Linux, everything exists in the form of files, so the first thing to know about Linux is the system architecture:

Linux is an inverted tree structure, all the files are in the top-level directory of the system, that is, the root directory "/", and the "/" under the two-level directory is the system installed when the system itself, and these two-level directories have the corresponding function:

/bin Storing binary executables (System commands)

/sbin System Management Command storage location

/boot boot partition, responsible for system boot

/dev Device Management files

/etc most system administration files

Home directory for normal users

/lib 32-bit system library file storage location

/LIB64 64-bit system library file storage location

/media System temporary Device mount point

/MNT System temporary Device mount point

/run System temporary Device mount point

/OPT third-party software installation location

/proc System Information

/root Super User home Directory

/stv/var System Data

/sys System Management (about the kernel)

/tmp system temporary file storage location

/usr System user-related information data and user-defined software storage location

two addressing of files

Absolute path: file in the real location of the system , the file name begins with "/"

relative path: The name of the file relative to the current location of the shorthand , which does not start with/, and the name will automatically add the PWD display value

three management of files

1.touch creating files or modifying file timestamps

Touch File Creation File

2.mkdir Creating a Directory

mkdir Directory Creation

-P Parent Directory does not exist automatically established

3.RM Deleting a directory or file

Rm

-F forcibly removed without prompting

-R Delete Directory

4.cat|head|tail viewing the contents of a file

Cat|head|tail File Content View command

Edit files in 5.vim text mode

Vim filename enters the command mode

Command mode cannot edit the file if you want to edit the file to enter insert mode

Press "I" to enter insert mode

If you are finished editing , press "ESC" to eject the insert mode and enter ": Wq" to save the exit

Vim filename If the file name does not exist, it will be automatically created Vim no action object opened directly, after editing the file to: Wq filename

6.CD Switch Working directory

CD directory switch working directory to the specified directory

CD-Switch working directory to previous directory

CD ~ Switch to your home directory

CD ~usernmae switch to the specified user home directory

Cd.. Go to the parent directory of the current directory

7.ls listing directory or file information

LS direcory|filename list file or directory contents

ls-d direcotry List the directory itself

Ls-l Filename|dorectory lists the properties of the contents of a file or directory

Ls-ld directory lists the properties of the catalog itself

LS-A displays all content in the directory, including the "." Hidden files at the beginning

Ls-r to display content in a directory

LS If there is no target behind then the default target is the current directory

8.CP file copy

CP is the process of creating a new file

CP file File1 file2. directory to copy file File1 file2 to Directory

CP file test establishes the test file template

Cp-r Directory Direcotry1 Replicating directories

9.MV Move or rename,

the MV of the same disk is renamed, and the MV of different disks is the copy-delete process

MV file file1 direcotry move file file1 into directory

MV presence file does not exist file rename file

MV Westos/linux. Move Linux in Westos to the current directory. Represents the current directory

Four Regular expressions

* Match 0 to any character

? Match a single character

[[: Alpha:]] matches a single letter

[[: Lower:]] matches a single lowercase letter

[[: Upper:]] matches a single uppercase letter

[[:d Igit:]] matches a single number

[[: Alnum:]] matches a single number or letter

[[:p UNCT:]] match a single symbol

[[: Space:]] match a single space

{} indicates a nonexistent or existing

{1..9} 1-9

{A.. F} a-f

{1,3,5} 135

{A,c,e} a C E

{1..3} {A.. C} 1a 2a 3a 2a 2b 2c 3a 3b 3c

[] Indicates the existence of the

[A-c] AA BB CC

[a-c] AA or BB or C

[1-3] 1 or 2 or 3

[145] 1 or 4 or 5

[^abc]| [!ABC] except A and B and besides c~ # # #当前用户家目录

~username The specified user home directory

~+ current Directory

~-Directory before current directory

. Current directory

.. Upper level of current directory

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Linux rookie Beginner's knowledge of Linux systems