Linux system directory structure, file type, ls and alias commands

directory Structure of Linux systems

root directory/vertex, all other directories are under the root. The directories and subdirectories below the root are a hierarchical tree structure, much like an upside down tree. The directory structure and disk partitioning of Linux are separate.

root directory

• /bin the command that stores the binary, which is generally used by ordinary users
• /boot storage System boot file, corrupt system cannot start
• /dev Stores the device files,
• /etc System configuration file and service configuration file, start command configuration file
• /proc virtual file system that displays process information
• /LIB/LIB64 Library file
• /mnt temporary mount point, default is empty
• /OPT additional application packages, default is empty
• /sbin command to store root
• /tmp Temp file directory
• /USR user programs and data, Help files, commands and other directories
• /usr/sbin/User Command Directory
• Directory of services such as/usr/local MySQL
• /var log file directory
• Home directory for normal users
• /root Administrator's Home directory
• /media Media directory, such as U-disk, default is empty
• Temporary files generated by the/run process
• /SRV Service-generated file, default is empty
• /sys System Kernel Files

The commands involved

2. LS is the abbreviation of the list, followed by the directory, to view the file information under the directory, such as

   ls /etc/     查看etc下的文件

4. The tree is followed by a directory, which displays the directory structure. Such as

   yum install -y tree  安装命令tree -L 2 /  树形显示根下的二级目录

6. Man and command, check the command's Help information
7. LDD commands, such as

   ldd  /bin/ls  查看ls依赖的库文件

   ls command

   1.-l Options: List file details

   [[email protected] ~]# ls -l总用量 4-rw-------. 1 root root 1261 5月  28 19:09 anaconda-ks.cfg[[email protected] ~]# ls -lh总用量 4.0K-rw-------. 1 root root 1.3K 5月  28 19:09 anaconda-ks.cfg第一列是文件类型加权限，第二列表示有几个文件使用相同的inod，第三列示所有者，第四列是所属组，第五列是文件的大小，单位是B。

   2.-i View the Inod number of the file

   [[email protected] ~]# ls -i 33582987 anaconda-ks.cfg

   3.-a View all files and directories under the directory including hidden

   [[email protected] ~]# ls -la总用量 28dr-xr-x---.  3 root root  147 5月  30 20:20 .dr-xr-xr-x. 17 root root  224 5月  31 22:33 ..-rw-------.  1 root root 1261 5月  28 19:09 anaconda-ks.cfg-rw-------.  1 root root 1334 5月  31 23:46 .bash_history-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   18 12月 29 2013 .bash_logout-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  176 12月 29 2013 .bash_profile-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  176 12月 29 2013 .bashrc-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  100 12月 29 2013 .cshrcdrwx------.  2 root root   80 5月  31 23:28 .ssh-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  129 12月 29 2013 .tcshrc

   4.-d Show current directory

   [[email protected] ~]# ls -ld /root/dr-xr-x---. 3 root root 147 5月  30 20:20 /root/

   5.-t sorted in chronological order

   [[email protected] ~]# ls -lat总用量 28-rw-------.  1 root root 1334 5月  31 23:46 .bash_historydrwx------.  2 root root   80 5月  31 23:28 .sshdr-xr-xr-x. 17 root root  224 5月  31 22:33 ..dr-xr-x---.  3 root root  147 5月  30 20:20 .-rw-------.  1 root root 1261 5月  28 19:09 anaconda-ks.cfg-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   18 12月 29 2013 .bash_logout-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  176 12月 29 2013 .bash_profile-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  176 12月 29 2013 .bashrc-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  100 12月 29 2013 .cshrc-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  129 12月 29 2013 .tcshrc

   6.-h Auto-transform units and-l use together
   7.ll is an alias for ls-l

   [[email protected] ~]# which llalias ll=‘ls -l --color=auto‘/usr/bin/ls

File type

1. D indicates directory
2. -Represents normal files, can be viewed with cat, and some binary compiled files cannot be viewed
3. c = string Device file
4. L is soft connect hard link file
5. B-block device discs, disks, etc.
6. s communication file, alias command for communication between the same machine process

   1. Use which to view the path of a command

   [[email protected] ~]# which lsalias ls=‘ls --color=auto‘/usr/bin/ls

   2.alias view system which commands have aliases

   [[email protected] ~]# aliasalias cp=‘cp -i‘alias egrep=‘egrep --color=auto‘alias fgrep=‘fgrep --color=auto‘alias grep=‘grep --color=auto‘alias l.=‘ls -d .* --color=auto‘alias ll=‘ls -l --color=auto‘alias ls=‘ls --color=auto‘alias mv=‘mv -i‘alias rm=‘rm -i‘alias which=‘alias | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --show-dot --show-tilde‘

   3.alias aming= ' Ls-lha ' set alias, Unlias aming cancel Alias

Linux system directory structure, file type, ls and alias commands